Perception (Guest Speaker)

Question 1

What are the types of Perception Dysfunction?

Answer 1

• Visual perception
• Body Scheme perception
• Motor Planning perception (praxis)
• Tactile perception
• Language perception (expressive and receptive)

Question 2

What is Visual Agnosia?

Answer 2

• Loss of knowledge of knowing
  
  • Ex: can’t find car in parking lot

(Visual Perceptual Disorder)

Question 3

What is Prosopagnosia?

Answer 3

Client can’t ID familiar faces, inability to percieve unique expressions

(visual perceptial disorder)

Question 4

What are Visual-Spatial Perceptual Disorders?

Answer 4

• Mix up right-left
  
  • dont know left and right body parts but know it is environment
  • Difficulty following directions (ex: getting to the bathroom, moving leg up on command, etc)
• ***Takes a long time to recover

Question 5

What is a Body Scheme Perceptual Disorder?

Answer 5

• Unilateral Neglect Syndrome
  
  • ​Due to brain lesion/damage, following CVA or TBI
  • Left neglect - coninsides left homonymous hemianopsia

Question 6

What is Anosognosia?

Answer 6

• Extensive Neglect Syndrome
  
  • Fail to recognize ones paralyzed limb as their own
  • Ask others to remove the limb because it is not theirs

(Body Scheme Perceptual Disorder)

Question 7

What are the Motor Planning Preception Disorders?

Answer 7

• Praxis
• Apraxia

Question 8

What is Praxis?

Answer 8

Ability to rapidly conceive of and plan motor acts in response to the environment

Question 9

What is Apraxia?

Answer 9

Inability to carry out skilled movement in the presence of intact sensation, movement and coordination

(reduced ability to coordinate, plan and carry out specific motor movements)

Question 10

How do you work with patients with Apraxia?

Answer 10

• Work with them in normal context
  
  • can you there limb as reaction (like eating, shaving, etc) but not when asked to do so

Question 11

What are the methods used by PT, OT & SLP for patients with Apraxia?

Answer 11

• Gesture production (ex: show me how you comb your hair)
• Assess sensory function, muscle strength and dexterity before testing for praxis
• Asses visual agnosia prior to praxis testing
• Eval language status

Question 12

What is Aphasia?

Answer 12

Loss of previously know spoken language

Question 13

What is Agnosia?

Answer 13

Partial or total inability to recognize objects by use of senses

Question 14

What is Ideational Apraxia?

Answer 14

• Can’t understand multi-step tasks
• Use of objects inappropriate = stirs drink with finger
• Task are very slow

(Motor planning Perception)

Question 15

What is Ideomotor Apraxia?

Answer 15

• Difficulty w/ production errors (motor apraxia), even though the idea and purpose of task is understood
• Awkward, clumsy movements
• Difficulty plannign across midline

(Motor Planning Perception)

Question 16

What is Dressing Apraxia?

Answer 16

• Inability to dress oneself
  
  • Ex: think pant leg is arm sleeve

(Motor Planning Perception)

Question 17

What is Constructional Apraxia?

Answer 17

• Inability to organize or assemble parts into a whole
  
  • copy/drawing 2-3 dimensional objects
• When drawing:
  
  • Right hemisphere lesion = spatially disorganized
  • Left hemisphere lesion = objects lack detail

(Motor Planning Perception)

Question 18

What are the types of Tactile Perception Impairment?

Answer 18

• Tactile Agnosia
• Astereognosia
• Stereognosis

Question 19

What is Tactile Agnosia?

Answer 19

Inability to attach meaning to somatosensory information

(Tactile Perception Impairment)

Question 20

What is Astereognosis?

Answer 20

Inability to identify objects by touch only

(Tactile Perception Impairment)

Question 21

What is Sterognosis Testing?

Answer 21

• Occlude vision, use hands to identify common objects
  
  • Pencil, pen, key, nail, sunglasses, safety pin, paper clip, metal teaspoon, quarter or other coin, button, wristwatch

(Tactile Perception Impairment)

Question 22

What are some intervention approaches to motor planning?

Answer 22

Adaptation of Task/Environment

• Draw attention to features of object/activity (visual or tactile attributes)
• Use written down lists/visuals as reminders
• Tool use – selected with caution
• Training to caregivers – modify instructions, so activity is broken down into one command at time
• Safety issues

Question 23

What are some Preception Adaptive Approaches?

Answer 23

• Awareness of problem - taught methods of adapting
• Incorporate affected extremity into activity
• Verbally acknowledge that his/her left arm and hand are begin used.
• Visual contrasts to distinguish between objects/items within environment or activity
  
  • Use colors, not patterns
• Talking client through sequence, use of rhyme or tune sequence and with associate movement
• Use their strengths, use effective extremity
• As client uses the limb in occupational tasks, gain perceptual awareness of their body and relationship of body parts to each other.

Question 24

What are some perception intervention approaches?

Answer 24

• Errorless teaching, don’t let them make mistakes
• Repeated practice on tasks and environments, gradually fade support
• Perform familiar tasks
• Focus on conceptual aspect of motor planning – clients understanding of how tool is used or how a gesture is performed
• Mentally practice or visualize task or sequence