Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Con 1 Exam 2 > TBI > Flashcards

TBI Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the challenges patient’s face? How do these impact the patient’s rehabilitation?

A
  • Mood changes - we need to be adaptive
  • Understand their impairment and how it effects them
  • Communication issues
  • Managing equipment around patients who may be impulsive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some challenges that PTs face when working with patients with TBI?

A
  • Planning, organizing, sequencing
  • Confusion/depression
  • Can have seizures
  • HA, N/V, Foggy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TBI Classification: Open

A

Penetrating injury: Gun shot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TBI Classification: Closed

A

Result from acceleration – deceleration forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a Coup-Contracoup injury?

A

Closed TBI

Involves anterio-inferior temporal lobes and prefrontal cortex

Sharp aspects of the skull contribute to inferior brain injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TBI Classification: Focal

A

Localized area of injury

Can cause hematoma, edema, contusion, or laceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TBI Classification: Diffuse

A

Shearing and retraction of axons

Can cause coma -> poorer outcome

DAI may or may not show up on imaging!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TBI Classification: Hypoxic - Ischemic

A

Due to systemic hypotension, anoxia, vascular damage

Can lead to global damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hematoma type: Epidural

A
  • Between skull and dura mater
  • Often arterial
  • Period of normal functioning -> N/V & UMN signs
  • Arterial injury
  • Develops FAST
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hematoma type: Subdural

A
  • Elders on blood thinners
  • Venous
  • Develop slowly, over time
  • UMN signs and confusion & memory impairments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hematoma type: Intracranial

A

Deep within white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What secondary damage can occur after a TBI?

A
  • Increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
    • Normal ICP = 4 – 15 mm HG
    • ICP can ↑ with PT Rx.
  • Infection from open wounds
  • Seizures
    • Tend to occur immediately after injury and 6 mo – 2 years after
    • Can lead to additional brain damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What imaging is used to diagnosis a TBI?

A
  • MRI
    • Better resolution than CT
    • Takes longer to show bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is ICP monitored in hospital?

A
  • Sedating meds
  • HOB elevated
  • Surgery
  • Others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A
  • Most widely used clinical scale that measures level of consciousness and helps define and calssify severity of injury
  • 3 response scores
    • motor
    • verbal
    • eye opening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Rancho Los Amigos Scale?

A
  • Examine cognitive and behavioral recovery in individuals with TBI as they emerge from coma
  • 8 levels
17
Q

What are the Racho levels I - III?

A
18
Q

What are the goals for patients at Racho levels I - III?

A
  • Increase level of alertness and arousal
  • Prevent secondary impairments
  • Improve motor control
  • Facilitate normal muscle tone
  • Increase tolerance of positions and activities
  • More awake when sitting up or moving
  • Educate family members
  • Coordinate care among all team members and family
19
Q

What are the treatment considerations for patients at Racho levels I - III?

A
  • Medical record review essential
  • Observation is key
    • Primitive movement patterns
      • Decerebrate - extended - put in flexion
      • Decorticate - flexed - get them in extension
    • Cognition and behavior
  • Positioning in bed
  • Use of upright positions
  • Sensory stimulation
20
Q

How do you increase sensory stimulation at Rancho Levels I - III?

A
  • Used to increase arousal and elicit movement
  • Involves the application of various types of sensory stimuli in a structured and specific manner
21
Q

What is Rancho Level IV?

A
22
Q

What are the goals for patients at Rancho Levels IV?

A
  • Prevent outbursts - assist patient in controlling behavior
    • Trying to calm down - simplify things
  • Patient’s safety assured
  • Family members understand what to expect at this phase
    • Normal, temporary phase
  • Maintain (or increase) physical activity tolerance
  • Prevent secondary impairments
  • Coordinate care among all team members & family
23
Q

What are the treatment considerations for patients at Rancho Levels IV?

A
  • Need to be creative and flexible!
  • Work at patient’s current level
    • Expect no carry over
  • Aim to control patient’s behavior
    • Behavioral modification programs
    • Quiet, soothing environment
    • Model calm behavior
  • Assure safety
    • Appropriate restraints
    • 24/7 1:1 monitoring
24
Q

What are Racho Levels V and VI?

A
25
Q

What are the goals for patient at Racho Level V & VI?

A
  • Increase function, balance, and ADL performance
  • Improve motor control
  • Improve impairments (strength, ROM)
  • Patient’s safety is assured
  • Family members understand what to expect at this phase
  • Increase physical activity tolerance
  • Coordinate care among all team members and family
26
Q

What are the treatment considerations for patient at Racho Level V & VI?

A
  • Behavioral and cognitive deficits continue, so therapy needs to be structured appropriately
  • Physical and mental fatigue common
  • Explicit feedback useful
  • Repetition and consistency important
  • Involve family
    • Teach them how to perform aspects of the PT plan of care
  • Assure safety
27
Q

What are Racho Levels VII & VIII?

A
28
Q

What are the goals for patients at Racho Levels VII & VIII?

A
  • Increase task and ADL performance for community functioning, work reintegration, and leisure
  • Improve functional capabilities
  • Patient able to manage symptoms
  • Decreased need for supervision
  • Increased safety in a variety of environments
  • Family members understand what to expect
29
Q

What are the treatment considerations for patients at Racho Levels VII & VIII?

A
  • Emphasize problem solving, judgment and decision making, planning, and awareness
  • Address health/wellness and social interaction
  • Focus on higher level skills in variety of environments
  • Involve patient in decision making
  • Consider trial periods of independent living and supported work
  • Involve family
30
Q
A

Neuro Con 1 Exam 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions