Perception and Pattern recognition

Question 1

short duration memory system specialized for holding visual information

Answer 1

sensory/iconic memory

Question 2

In Sperling’s experiment what was the whole-report condition/results

Answer 2

the entire display of letters were shown, 4-5 letters recalled

Question 3

demonstrated that the human visual system is capable of retaining information even if it’s presented at for a brief period. Both conditions had the same results which emphasize this idea

Answer 3

Sperling’s experiment about iconic memory

Question 4

loss of information over time

Answer 4

decay in iconic memory

Question 5

When “target” information is “forgotten” due to related/recent information competing with or causing the loss of the “target” information

Answer 5

interference in iconic memory

Question 6

if a visual stimulus occurs too soon after the display of the original stimulus, it interferes with the perception of the original stimulus

Answer 6

backwards masking

Question 7

information processing guided by previous knowledge

Answer 7

top-down processing (conceptually driven)

Question 8

information processing that starts with individual physical features/characteristics

Answer 8

bottom-up processing (data driven)

Question 9

a template is the pattern stored in memory against which incoming stimuli are compared to recognize the incoming patterns, top-down processing is used here

Answer 9

template matching

Question 10

Stimuli (patterns) are identified by breaking them down into their constituent features

Answer 10

visual feature detection

Question 11

Selfridge’s early model of letter recognition (specific version of feature detection)

Answer 11

Pandemonium model

Question 12

1. Feature detection (cats’ brains showed evidence for this when only specific neurons responded to vertical lines)
2. Parallel processing (happens simultaneously, evidence from people could scan for 10 letters just as quickly as for 1)
3. Problem solving

Answer 12

3 important elements of the pandemonium model

Question 13

previous knowledge and the understanding of meaning guides perception depending on the context

Answer 13

conceptually driven processing being a problem for “pure” feature detection

Question 14

a decrease in the ability to perceive repeated stimuli during a rapid serial presentation of items

Answer 14

repitition blindness

Question 15

Recognition by components (bottom-up), recognizing objects by breaking them down into their parts and when we find a match between the identified components and the stored representation, we recognize the pattern

Answer 15

RBC theory

Question 16

disruption in facial recognition

Answer 16

prosopagnosia

Question 17

a phenomenon where people feel disconnected from their bodies and reality, involves disruptions in functions of consciousness, perception, memory, identity, and affect

Answer 17

dissociation

Question 18

reclassification of prosopagnosia, it was found for example that in 34 ex service men who had missile wounds to back of brain they all had difficulty with face recognition and in 3 different ways. Firstly they were poor at familiar face recognition, secondly they were poor at matching faces and thirdly they had difficulty in reading facial expression. These results show that in relation to face recognition that there diff parts of the brain process/ routes in the brain which process diff parts of face recognition.

Answer 18

Young and De Han

Question 19

didn’t recognize the faces of people he met, but other cognitive functions remained intact

Answer 19

Dr.P