Perception Flashcards
What is perception?
Process by which agents interpret and organize sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world. This information becomes a representation of who or what we interpret.
What are our five sensory modalities?
Light (vision), air vibrations (hearing), physical pressure (haptics), chemicals (taste and smell), and body position (kinesthetics/proprioception)
What is proprioception?
Proprioception is the ability to know where our body parts are in space when our eyes are closed.
Extramission vs Intromission Theory
Extramission is the theory that our eyes acted like sonars to see objects. The light from our eyes and the light from the world apparently helped us to see. This theory was proven wrong when people were asked to identify objects in the dark.
Intromission theory is the theory that we see from light which is reflected off of objects into our eyes. Color comes from the remaining light which hasn’t been absorbed.
How do our eyes focus?
The are muscles on either side of our lens which crunch and stretch the lens which focuses. The lens becomes more brittle as we age (sight worsens), and the the final shape of it determines whether we are far/near sighted.
What are receptors?
Receptors are located at the back of your eye and are light sensitive. Cells, in our brain, respond when they get hit by photons. This interaction increases/decreases firing rate whether or not light touches them.
What is foveating?
Foveating is when the retina focuses on something. We may think that we can see our surroundings while looking at a screen, but in reality everything is blurry while the retina is focused on one thing.
What are rods and cones?
Rods are located outside the fovea and are very good at detecting motion. On the other hand, cones are sensitive to color and details. So they work hand in hand for our vision.
What is Depth Perception (SPOT FM)?
Depth Perception includes Size, Perspective (things get smaller on the fovea as objects are farther away), Occlusion (when an object is in front of the other), Texture (shading and saturation: the more closer the more textured), Focus (we know how to focus our eyes on something which can determine distance/depth), and Multiple Images.
What is perceptual infinity?
This is related to multiple images. The farther something is, the less it moves from one eye to another. The eyes focus the same so there is no binocular vision.
What is binocular vision?
Binocular vision is seeing one thing differently between your two eyes. The more closer something is, they more the object seems like it jumps from one eye to the other
What are the Dorsal and Ventral Streams?
The Dorsal (“where” pathway) determines where things are. While the Ventral (“what” pathway) determines what they are. Dorsal stream travels up, while Ventral does the opposite.
What is the Pandemonium Model of Perception theory?
This is an old theory where perception was described to be a bunch of little independent demons that each look for one aspect (which we are aware of apparently) in an item to determine what it is.
What is the Template Matching Perception theory?
Old theory where we perceived things by looking at an overlap of pixels over the image to determine what it is.
What is Neural Network Perception?
When people mention this, they can be talking about 2 things.
1) Actuals neural networks (neurons connected and sending info to each other.
2) Artificial neural networks (we are interested in) that are programs that are inspired by neurons. There are 3 steps to this: input, hidden, and output. Between these stages, neurons get fired to different options of what our brain may perceive the object to be. The stronger one neuron may think something is, the stronger the connection between that stage and the the proceeding stage. Based on how active the connections for one connection (final answer) is, the NNP chooses to interpret something that way.
