Perception Flashcards
What is proprioception?
Knowledge of how our body is orientated.
What is a sensation?
Information available to sensory receptors
What is a perception?
Recovering information about the properties of the physical environment.
What is the absolute threshold?
Minimum amount of energy we need to perceive.
What is the signal detection theory?
We must disassociate sensitivity (capacity to discriminate stimuli) and criterion (willingness to consider a stimulus as being detected).
What is the difference thresholds?
Minimum difference in physical energies we can experience (JND).
What is the magnitude estimation?
Relationship between quantity of physical energy and experience.
What is illumination?
Sources emit light with a specific spectral distribution
What is reflectance?
Surfaces reflect light on a reflecting spectral
What is light input a product of?
Illumination and reflectance
How are bipolar cells arranged?
Centre-surround. Excitatory centre and inhibitory surround. Lateral inhibition.
What is a hue?
Different colours
What is saturation?
Purity of colour
What is value?
Intensity of colour
Recount the process of visual information travelling from the eye to the brain
Light enters eye and activates photoreceptors
At optic chiasm, nasal part of retina crosses hemisphere, which temporal part stays.
Primary pathway goes through lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN).
From LGN to occipital lobe
Distinguish between simple and complex cells
Simple cells require a light pattern in a precise location of the receptive field.
Complex cells respond to a light pattern wherever it is in the receptive field.
Distinguish between the two organising visual pathways
Ventral - ‘what’ pathway
Dorsal - ‘how’ pathway
What is the fundamental frequency
The lowest frequency
What influences the perception of loudness
Frequency
Recount the odour transduction process
Vapours in nasal cavity - olfactory epithelium - olfactory mucus - receptors - olfactory bulb - brain
Distinguish between slow-adapting and rapid-adapting fibres
Slow - fire continuously. used to sense details and texture.
Rapid - fire at onset and offset of stimulation. Detects things that are unchanging.
Distinguish between vestibular and kinaesthetic proprioception
Vestibular: head motion and orientation. Signals acceleration, deceleration and rotation. Cannot signal constant velocities.
Kinesthetic: movement and position of parts of the body in relation to each other. Unconscious.
What does bottom-up and top-down processing emphasise
Bottom-up: sensory data
Top-down: previous experience, expectations or knowledge.
What is Weber’s Law?
JND is a constant proportion of the physical stimulus intensity.
