Perception

Question 1

What is proprioception?

Answer 1

Knowledge of how our body is orientated.

Question 2

What is a sensation?

Answer 2

Information available to sensory receptors

Question 3

What is a perception?

Answer 3

Recovering information about the properties of the physical environment.

Question 4

What is the absolute threshold?

Answer 4

Minimum amount of energy we need to perceive.

Question 5

What is the signal detection theory?

Answer 5

We must disassociate sensitivity (capacity to discriminate stimuli) and criterion (willingness to consider a stimulus as being detected).

Question 6

What is the difference thresholds?

Answer 6

Minimum difference in physical energies we can experience (JND).

Question 7

What is the magnitude estimation?

Answer 7

Relationship between quantity of physical energy and experience.

Question 8

What is illumination?

Answer 8

Sources emit light with a specific spectral distribution

Question 9

What is reflectance?

Answer 9

Surfaces reflect light on a reflecting spectral

Question 10

What is light input a product of?

Answer 10

Illumination and reflectance

Question 11

How are bipolar cells arranged?

Answer 11

Centre-surround. Excitatory centre and inhibitory surround. Lateral inhibition.

Question 12

What is a hue?

Answer 12

Different colours

Question 13

What is saturation?

Answer 13

Purity of colour

Question 14

What is value?

Answer 14

Intensity of colour

Question 15

Recount the process of visual information travelling from the eye to the brain

Answer 15

Light enters eye and activates photoreceptors
At optic chiasm, nasal part of retina crosses hemisphere, which temporal part stays.
Primary pathway goes through lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN).
From LGN to occipital lobe

Question 16

Distinguish between simple and complex cells

Answer 16

Simple cells require a light pattern in a precise location of the receptive field.
Complex cells respond to a light pattern wherever it is in the receptive field.

Question 17

Distinguish between the two organising visual pathways

Answer 17

Ventral - ‘what’ pathway

Dorsal - ‘how’ pathway

Question 18

What is the fundamental frequency

Answer 18

The lowest frequency

Question 19

What influences the perception of loudness

Answer 19

Frequency

Question 20

Recount the odour transduction process

Answer 20

Vapours in nasal cavity - olfactory epithelium - olfactory mucus - receptors - olfactory bulb - brain

Question 21

Distinguish between slow-adapting and rapid-adapting fibres

Answer 21

Slow - fire continuously. used to sense details and texture.
Rapid - fire at onset and offset of stimulation. Detects things that are unchanging.

Question 22

Distinguish between vestibular and kinaesthetic proprioception

Answer 22

Vestibular: head motion and orientation. Signals acceleration, deceleration and rotation. Cannot signal constant velocities.
Kinesthetic: movement and position of parts of the body in relation to each other. Unconscious.

Question 23

What does bottom-up and top-down processing emphasise

Answer 23

Bottom-up: sensory data

Top-down: previous experience, expectations or knowledge.

Question 24

What is Weber’s Law?

Answer 24

JND is a constant proportion of the physical stimulus intensity.