perception Flashcards
visual cues take what into consideration?
depth, form, motion and constancy
how do you perceive DEPTH?
w/ binocular cues (needs both eyes)
- retinal disparity (thanks to space b/w our eyes we see depth) each eye still relies on diff imgs but stilll take eah img as a sep piece of info
- convergence (how eye balls are turned – far things: eye muscles relax-to get more spce for light to go in?’’ i think ; close things, eye muscles contract) working together to come up with ONE img
monocular cues help with??
only need 1 eyes
FORMS:
relative size-closer=bigger;
interposition-overlap;
relative height-far= higher
shading and contour
MOTION:
motion parallax- closer things move faster, farther moves slower
CONSTANCY
size/shape/color doesnt change even when img casted on retina is not the same.
Ex: changes in lighting make apple looks brown but we know the apple is still a green apple
sensory adaptation happens with which senses?
all! hearing, touch, smell, propioception, and sight
hearing adaption: inner ear muscle with higher noise –> contracts to dampen sound takes time does not work with immediate gunshot sound but in concert helps
sight adaptation:
down regulation with bright light a
up regulation in the dark, cones and rods turn on light sensitive molecules
just noticeable diff relation to weber’s law?
talks about DIFFERENCE at which you’ll begin to notice change (in weight added)
the noticeable change % is CONSTANT!!
(ex 5% increase notice for every try
= webers law
absolute threshold of sensation
minimum
intensity of STIMULUS needed to detect stimulus 50% of the time.
dep on psychological states: expectation, motivation, alertness, experience…
mechanoceptor
trigger by
PRESSURE
(walking str8 into a pole)
thermoception
temperature receptor
when you received somatosensation info, the brain are getting signals about:
what type of somatosensation, intensity, timing and location.
*intensity = how quickly neuron fires
timing
non-adapting: neuron fires at constant rate
slow-adapting:
fast beginning and starts to slow down
fast-adapting
fires immediately when sense a stimulus and STOP, then start again when get another stiumulus
inner ear
- parts
- jobs
balance and orientation
w/ SEMICICULAR CANALs: posterior, lateral and anterior= orthogonal to each other.
canal with ENDOLYMPH filled,
and OTOLITHIC ORGANS (help detect linear acceleration and head positioning bc have small CaCO3 crystals in hair cells
OTOLITHIC ORGANS
utricle and saccule
help deter linear acceleration and head positioning
CaCo3 crystals attached to hair cells in viscous gel.
signal detection theory SDT
how do i make decision when im uncertain??
results:
hit/miss if sign present
- more strength in signal: hit>miss
false alarm/correct rejection when no signal presents
SDT strategy “c”
“cee’s strategy is always conservative” =always say no unless 100% sure. might get some misses
liberal strategies: always say yes even if get false alarms
bottom up vs. top down processing
bottom up:
begins with stimulus, never seen b4, data driven = INDUCTIVE REASONING ; always correct
top down:
wheres waldo???????
use backgroun knowledge to influence perception, DEDUCTIVE REASONING, not always correct
GESTALT PRINCIPLE
try to explain why we perceive things the way we do
by grouping
SIMILARITY
PRAGNANZ - reduce to simplest form possible. ex:audi sign sees as 4 circles instead crest circles
PROXIMITY
CONTINUITY: smoothest path possible looking at DOTSSSSSSSS …………….
CLOSURE
mind fillling missing triangle witout line actually connecting to make a triangle
SYMMETRY
(the mind processes the WHOLE of a perception rather than the sum of its parts… anything that breaks up into parts is not gestalt)
cornea
first layer, bends light in order to focus light onto retina
what accompany pupils big/small?
iris!! which control amount of light into eye
