Perception

Question 1

The method of limits (dot), how is defined your threshold?

Answer 1

your threshold for stimulus detection is the average of: a) the point at which you respond ‘no’ you did not detect the stimulus, and b) the point at which you respond ‘yes’ you did detect the stimulus.

Question 2

For what is used the approach in : staircase

Answer 2

to prevent sensory adaption from accusing

Question 3

How is defined the method of threshold?

Answer 3

By a serie in order ascending then descending, several times.

Question 4

What is the method of constant stimuli

Answer 4

the set of stimuli is presented in random order and is sometimes above sometimes under the absolute threshold

Question 5

What is the weakness of the method of limit?

Answer 5

We can anticipate o predict the following stimuli.

Question 6

In the method of constant stimuli, how is the threshold measured?

Answer 6

the smallest stimulus detected 50% of the time.

Question 7

What does The method of constant stimuli measure?

Answer 7

the softest sound we can hear and the dimmest light we can see.

Question 8

What is the method of adjustment

Answer 8

The method of adjustment means that the observer control the level until it is at his perceptual threshold

Question 9

What is the point of subjective equality?

Answer 9

is the setting of 2 stimuli in which the observer experience them as identical

Question 10

Describe magnitude estimation

Answer 10

observer assign numerical to estimate the perceived strength of a stimulus.

Question 11

What kind of method is this and who theorized it?

Answer 11

Psychophysical method. Steven’s power law

Question 12

What is the forced method

Answer 12

We have to choose bw 2 options that are given randomly.

Question 13

signal detection theory offers how many options?

Answer 13

A miss: something harmful wasn’t identified
A hit : Something harmful was identified as such.
A false alarm: a harmless signal is perceived as dangerous,
Correct rejection: Harmless signal was perceived as such

Question 14

What is the trichromatic theory of color vision?

Answer 14

3 types of cone receptor cell in the retina that are responsible for color perception. Each type responds optimally to different but overlapping, ranges of wavelengths.

Question 15

What is the difference between additive and subtractive color mixing?

Answer 15

Additive: combination of wavelengths of light. the varying proportions of wavelengths mixture determine the particular colors of light we perceive.
Subtractive: combination of pigment mixture determine the particular color of paint we perceive.

Question 16

What is the order of steps involved for sound waves to create a perception of the sound in the brain?

Answer 16

1. Sound waves enter the auditory canal
2. The eardrum vibrates
3. The hammer, anvil, and stirrup transfer vibration to the oval window
4. Pressure waves of the cochlea move the basilar membrane
5. Stimulate hair cells send info to the auditory nerve.
6. The auditory nerve carries info the the thalamus,
7. The thalamus directs info to the brain’s primary auditory cortex.

Question 17

Order of steps for involved for flavor on the tongue to create a perception in the brain

Answer 17

1. Chemical substances in food dissolve in saliva;
2. Taste receptors are stimulated
3. Signals are sent to the thalamus by the facial nerve
4. The gustatory cortex processes taste perception.

Question 18

What are the 5 Gestalt principles of organization (visual)

Answer 18

Proximity, similarity, continuity, closure and illusory contours

Question 19

What are the difference bw the vestibular sense, the pressure receptors, warm and cold receptors and the kinesthetic sense?

Answer 19

Warm and cold receptors and pressure receptors in the skin, the kinesthetic sense in the muscles and joints, and the vestibular sense in the inner ear carry signals to the brain for perception of temperature, touch, movement, and balance, respectively.

Question 20

What produce fast and slow fibers?

Answer 20

Fast fibers produces sharp immediate pain whereas Slow fibers produces dull steady pain.

Question 21

What is The gate control theory of pain and who formulated it?

Answer 21

We experience pain when pain receptors are activated and a neural gate in the spinal cord allows the signals through to the brain.
Patrick Mall and Melzack.

Question 22

What area of the brain process the different senses?

Answer 22

Occipital:vision
Olfactory cortex: smell
Temporal love: Hearing
Parietal lobe: touch and pressure
gustatory cortex: taste

Question 23

What is the two cues one uses to locate a sound?

Answer 23

1. When the sound arrives in each ear

2. the intensity or amplitude of the sound wave in each ear

Question 24

What is place coding

Answer 24

The perception of higher-pitched sounds is a result of the location on the basilar membrane where hair cells are stimulated by sound waves of varying higher frequencies.

Question 25

What is temporal coding

Answer 25

The perception of lower-pitched sounds is a result of the rate at which hair cells are stimulated by sound waves of lower frequencies.

Question 26

How is the somatosensory cortex organized?

Answer 26

By physical proximity,

Question 27

What are the structures that are encountered by light stimuli entering the eye and traveling to the brain?

Answer 27

Cornea
retina
rods and cones
ganglion cells
optic nerve
thalamus
primary visual cortex

Question 28

What is the other name for difference threshold and what does that mean?

Answer 28

Just noticeable difference: it is the smallest difference you can notice bw 2 things

Question 29

What is the difference between bottom up and top down processing?

Answer 29

Bottom up: we start with basic properties and move to a more complex understanding.
Top down: complex thinking influence simple perception