Perception Flashcards
monocular depth cue
depth perception in one eye
position
objects higher in the visual field are perceived as further away
Examples of monocular depth cues
position, aerial perspective, linear perspective, relative size, interpolition
binocular depth perception
depth perception in two eyes
depth perception
how the eyes perceive the 3D world
Relative Size
smaller objects are perceived as farther away
Interposition
when one object overlaps another, it is perceived as closer
linear perspective
parallel lines seem to converge as they go further into space
Aerial Perspective
hazy objects appear further away
Photoreceptors
Rods and Cones
Rods
not sensitive to color, senses grays and black
Cones
sense bright colors (red, green, blue)
Ponzo Illusion
Both of the lines are the same size, however the line that is above appears smaller than the line that is on the bottom of the picture. This is because of the position of the yellow lines on the converging lines
Muller-lyer illusion
Both of the lines are the same size, however people perceive line b as longer than line a. The reason for this is because people compare it to architectural features in our 3D world.
light illusions
Both of the circles are the same color, they appear different because of the light and darkness surrounding them. Same with the squares, they are the same color, one of them just looks darker because it is in the shadow.
Figure ground
organizing info so we see a figure and background
similarity
similar stimuli are grouped together
Proximity
nearby figures are grouped together
Continuity
we perceive stimuli in smooth or continuous ways
Closure
the mind fills in gaps to make an image complete
Sensory Adaptation
decreased sensitivity to a stimulus over time
Perceptual Constancy
the tendency to perceive physical objects as consistent even though there are changes in their appearance or in the physical environments.
size constancy
something remains the same size
Color constancy
a object is still percieved as the same color in different settings
shape constancy
The shape is the same even though the angles are different
Multimodal phenomena
stimuli that generate simultaneous information in more than one sensory modality.
inverse effectiveness
As the responsiveness to individual sensory stimuli decreases, the strength of multisensory integration increases
vision
sight
audition
hearing
olfaction
smell
gustation
taste
somatosensation
touch
thermoception
temperature
noiception
pain
kinesthesia
movement
sensation
information picked up by the senses
perception
interpretation of sensations
V1 simple cell
orientation, position
V1 complex cell
orientation, motion, direction
V1 hypercomplex cell
orientation, motion, direction length
Top down
When perceptions are influenced by available knowledge, experiences and our thoughts
Bottom Up
When perceptions are influenced by sensory input
