Peptic ulcers

Question 1

Peptic ulcers

Answer 1

Affect the duodenum and lesser curvature of stomach
due to NSAID use, smoking, geneitics
small punched out lesion
loss of apetite, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,

Question 2

Coeliac disease

Answer 2

Hypersensitivity to gluten/ gliadin in the duodenum/jejunum

weightloss, diarrhoea, abdo discomfort, gas, fatigue

Question 3

Oesophgeal cancer

Answer 3

dysphagia, odynophagia, weightloss

Question 4

Viral hepitatis

Answer 4

asymptomatic > anorexia, nausea, vomitting, malaise, pain > jaundice, hepatomegaly > fibrosis and cirrhosis

Question 5

Cholelithiasis. cholescytitis

Answer 5

Slowing down of bile > gall stones
-obesity, diabetes, high sugar, older, male
-asymptomatic unless stone impacts
-stones are made up of bile salts and cholesterol
RUQ pain, R GH pain (phrenic), fever, chills,
-chronic the walls become fibrotic and shrink

Question 6

Choledocholitiasis

Answer 6

impaction of the bile stone in the bile duct

RUQ pain, jaundice, fever

Question 7

Constipation vs diahhroea

Answer 7

less than 3 bowel movements per week,
diet low in fibre, sedentary, ignoring urge to go,

D- > 3 loose stools per day

Question 8

Diverticulitis

Answer 8

Saccular outpouching of the colon- ‘itis’ when this is infected
40 and over
in diets low in fibre becasue of increased pressure
commonly sigmoid colon
pain in Lt illiac region, change in bowel habits, severe pain, guarding, rigidity, palapable mass

Question 9

Haemorrhoids

Answer 9

variscosity of the rectal veins
low fibre diet, pregnant, chronic cough, obesity,all increase intra pressure
bright red bleeding, evident prolapse, dull or sharp pain,

Question 10

Appendicitis

Answer 10

inflammation of the appendix due to a faecalith
20-30 y.o
vague pain in gastric or periumbilical region (viseral pain)
somatic pain in RLQ, sharp, localised, snesitive to touch
nausea, vomitting, anorexia, fever
positive rebound and mcburneys sign

Question 11

Ulcerative collitis

Answer 11

ulceration of the sigmoid and rectum
20-40 yo
genetic/autoimmune
inflammation and ulcers and fibrosis in the mucosa
severe initial attack, large watery diahhroa with blood, mucous, pus, Lower abdo pain, tenesmus, >20 bowel movemebts per day, dehdration, tachycardia, fever, anemia

Question 12

Crohns disease

Answer 12

Affects any part of the GIT- commonlu ileum, asecedning colon or transverse colon
20-40 yo, autoimmune
early stages like peptic ulcer or IBS, weightloss, abdo pain, malapstoption, diahhroa, AS, skin, renal disorders

Question 13

Colorectal cancer

Answer 13

60 yo
low fibre, high fat, charred red meat, smoking
blood, mucous diahrroea, lower abdo pain, palpable mass, systemic features,