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history > Peoples Health (School Work) > Flashcards

Peoples Health (School Work) Flashcards

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1
Q

What religion was medieval England?

A

Christian

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2
Q

What did peasants do in mediaeval England?

A

Worked the land

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3
Q

What are the four humours?

A

Blood, phlegm, black, bile, and yellow bile

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4
Q

When did the Black Death first arrive in England and what were its consequences?

A

1348, killed 50% of the population

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5
Q

What Caused the black death?

A

Yersinia pestis, pathogen that was passed on by the bite of a flea that lived on black rats

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6
Q

Where did the majority of people live in mediaeval Britain?

A

The countryside, where life was difficult but quite healthy

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7
Q

What were Peasants houses made out of during mediaeval Britain?

A

Wattle and daub, had open fires with no chimneys
Animals sheltered inside homes at night

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8
Q

What was the diet of a peasant during Medieval Britain?

A

Lots of fruit and vegetables
Pottage
Milk
Cheese
Fish
Small beer, because of the bacteria and germs in the water

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9
Q

When was the great famine and what were its consequences?

A

1315, killing 10% of the population

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10
Q

Where was waste collected in the countryside during mediaeval Britain?

A

Middens or cesspit, these contaminated drinking water from springs or streams

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11
Q

What was life like in mediaeval towns in Britain?

A

Houses were tightly packed together, this allowed disease to spread quickly
Weekly market, provided fresh food

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12
Q

What were drovers?

A

People who brought livestock into town to be slaughtered filling the street with dung and blood

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13
Q

What were gongfermers?

A

Paid to remove human waste from latrines and cesspits

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14
Q

What was the job of rakers?

A

Clean the streets

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15
Q

In Medieval Britain, what did people believe caused disease?

A

God punishing them for their sins
Miasma
Movement of the planets

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16
Q

What actions were taken to prevent the black death?

A

Priests urged people to pray for forgiveness

Flatulence whipped themselves in the street to prove to God they were sorry for their sins

Bloodletting

Posies of sweet smelling flowers in their houses to purify air

King Edward the third, ordered the mayor of London to clean the city streets

The government did very little

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17
Q

How large was the population in 1750 at the start of early modern Britain?

A

6 million

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18
Q

How many people could vote at the start of early modern Britain?

A

3%

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19
Q

In which time period were products like sugar and tobacco brought back from America and India?

A

Early modern Britain

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20
Q

What were inventions of the early modern Britain time Period?

A

The microscope, and the printing press

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21
Q

When was the last outbreak of the plague?

A

1665 and killed 15% of London’s population

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22
Q

How often did the plague return to Britain during early modern?

A

Roughly every 20 years

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23
Q

What did people believe caused disease in early modern?

A

God and bad air

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24
Q

In 1518 what did Henry VIII do to reduce the spread of plague?

A

Issued a proclamation that ordered houses infected with plague to be identified and isolated
Those leaving isolation had to carry a white stick

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25
Q

In 1578 what did Elizabeth I do to reduce the spread of plague?

A

Issued plague orders
These 17 rules included killing cats and dogs, shutting up infected houses, and burning the clothes of victims

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26
Q

What was the plague act and when was it introduced?

A

1604, introduced harsh punishments for breaking isolation, plague victims could be hanged if found outside

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27
Q

What did many towns build during the early modern to prevent the spread of plague?

A

Pest houses, these houses played victims away from the city

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28
Q

What alcoholic beverage was causing social and health problems by the 1720s?

A

Gin

29
Q

When were the first three gin acts?

A

1729, 1736, and 1743

30
Q

Which gin act was the most successful and why?

A

The 1751 act because it introduced harsh punishments for illegally selling gin such as:

– Whipping
– Transportation to Australia

31
Q

How did the diet of the rich change in the early modern period?

A

Could afford a variety of new foods such as coffee, sugar, and tobacco

32
Q

How did the homes of the rich improve in early modern?

A

Houses made out of stone or brick and heated by coal fires which caused pollution

Paid for freshwater to be piped into their homes

Flushing toilet invented in 1596

33
Q

What are the key ideas of industrial Britain?

A

Industrialisation, urbanisation, political change, and scientific advances

34
Q

How did Britain become more urbanised in industrial time?

A

Population went from 21 million in 1850 to 37,000,000 in 1900

35
Q

How did Britain become industrialised during the industrial time?

A

Steam engines used to power vast factories

36
Q

How did political change occur during the industrial time?

A

Class divide between rich and poor
Government followed laissez faire policies
Working man one right to vote in 1880s

37
Q

How did scientific advances occur during industrial Britain?

A

Darwin’s theory of evolution challenged religious beliefs
Rapid advances in medical knowledge, such as Louis pasteur germ theory

38
Q

When was the first cholera epidemic in England?

A

1831, there were later epidemic in 1848, 1854, and 1866

39
Q

What did people believe caused cholera in industrial Britain?

A

Bad air
Punishment from God
However, some doctors believed was contagious and could be passed on by touch

40
Q

What was the 1846 cholera bill?

A

Instructed residence to connect their homes to sewers, however this increased the flow of waste into rivers

41
Q

What did John Snow do during the 1854 epidemic?

A

Proved cholera was carried by contaminated water and could be prevented by changing the water supply. His ideas were largely ignored.

42
Q

When was the great stink?

A

1858

43
Q

What did the government do after the great stink?

A

Parliament granted £3 million to Joseph bazalgette to build 1300 miles of sewers across London

44
Q

What was housing like during industrial Britain?

A

Poor lived in slum housing in overcrowded industrial cities
Cramped lodging houses or back to back houses were common

45
Q

What was food like during industrial Britain?

A

Urban poor had terrible diet, living on potatoes, bread, and butter
No tinned food or refrigeration and food was often adulterated

46
Q

What was water like during industrial Britain?

A

Water companies controlled access to water and charged high prices
In Poor areas, whole Street shared one pump
Water was pumped from rivers which were contaminated with human and industrial waste

47
Q

What was waste like during industrial Britain?

A

Poor continued to share privies with neighbours
Sewage collected into cesspit which contaminated nearby water supplies
Most richer families now had flushing toilets that further contaminated rivers

48
Q

What was the 1848 public health?

A

Allowed local authorities to set up boards of health in order to build sewers and provide clean water
However, not compulsory

49
Q

What was 1875 public health act?

A

Forced local authorities to take responsibility for sewers and water supply

50
Q

Why did the government abandon a laissez faire attitude in the 19th century?

A

Edwin Chadwick put pressure on government to act by publishing shocking research into public health in ‘the sanitary condition of the labouring population’ in 1842

In 1861, Louis pastor published his germ theory, confirming that bacteria spread disease

By 1880s, all working men had right to vote, government now had to listen to the concerns of the poor

51
Q

How did Britain undergo economic change in the 20th century?

A

In 1900s, most people worked with their hands and new technology such as cars and radio boosted the economy

Whereas

In the 2000s, most people working service industries and technology such as the Internet and travel transformed the economy

52
Q

How did Britain undergo political change in the 20th century?

A

In 1900s, working men over the age of 21 had right to vote and government realised it had to do something to look after the poor

Whereas

In the 2000s, all men and women over 18 have the right to vote also the government has expanded the welfare date through the NHS and national insurance

53
Q

How has Britain undergone social change in 20th century?

A

In 1900 about 37 million people lived in Britain and Morse were working in class who worked long hours for low pay

Whereas

In 2000s, population has expanded to 58,000,000 and Britain has a larger middle class who have more comfortable lives

54
Q

How did Britain undergo cultural change in the 20th century?

A

In 1900s, most people believed in God and went to church also people played football or worked their allotment in their spare time

Whereas

In 2000s, most people trusted science not religion. People had more money to spend on leisure, including watching TV and gaming

55
Q

What was the 1919 housing act?

A

Ordered local council to build council houses with running water, indoor toilet and gardens

56
Q

What happened after 1945?

A

New towns were built to solve problem of overcrowding

57
Q

What was the right to buy scheme?

A

1980s
Led to a shortage of council housing

58
Q

How has food improved in the 20th century?

A

New technology such as refrigeration and canning made food cheaper
New supermarkets increased variety of food available
Fast food consumption increased

59
Q

How has air quality changed in the 20th century?

A

Coal Smoke from homes and factories produce smog in large cities
Increased car ownership added to air pollution

60
Q

How has inactivity increased after the 20th century?

A

Increased car ownership lead increasing activity
New forms of leisure such as TV led to an obesity crisis

61
Q

What is the NHS and when was it formed?

A

1948, provide free medical care from cradle to grave including hospital treatment, prescriptions, dental, and GP visits

62
Q

What is the clean air act and when was it introduced?

A

1956, to control pollution

63
Q

How have the government tackled smoking?

A

1964 – TV advert for cigarettes banned
2007 – smoking banned in all public places
2016 – blank packaging introduced

64
Q

How have the government promoted healthy lifestyle?

A

The five a day campaign
NHS couch to 5K programme

65
Q

How did the government respond to the Spanish flu?

A

1918 to 1919
Slow and ineffective
Spread by soldiers returning from World War I and killed over 50 million people worldwide

Death rate so high wood for coffins run out and mass graves had to be used

Occupied by war so did not issue advice until late 1918 when it was too late
Important decisions such as closing schools were left to local authorities
Silent film, Dr Wise on influenza, was released that explained precautions such as making face masks but not enough copies were made

66
Q

What is aids?

A

Condition caused by HIV virus that attacks the bodies immune system

67
Q

How is aids spread?

A

Unprotected sex
Sharing hypodermic needles
Pregnancy

68
Q

How was the AIDS epidemic received in the early 80s?

A

Newspapers called AIDS the gay plague and blamed it on gay man and drug users

Government advice wrongly suggested that aids could be spread through touch, adding to panic

69
Q

How did the perception of the AIDS epidemic change by the later 80s?

A

An information leaflet called don’t die of ignorance was sent to every household
Hospitals provided free testing for the HIV virus
1987, Princess Diana was photographed, shaking hands with aids patients, this calmed public fears

history (8 decks)

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