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Making Of America (School Work) Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Kansas-Nebraska act (1854)?

A
  • Overturned Missouri compromise (said Kansas and Nebraska could not be slave states)
  • This act overturned this and allowed them to vote on slavery
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2
Q

What was bleeding Kansas? (1850s)

A
  • Political violence broke out between people who were pro slavery and anti slavery
  • Just under 200 people were killed
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3
Q

What happened when james buchanan became president?

A

Democrat became president in 1856
Openly supported slavery
Filled land in north with large plantations which upset small farmers
Supported Dred Scott decision

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4
Q

What was Abraham Lincolns presidential campaign like?

A

(1860)
- Portrayed himself as ‘honest abe’ - a man of the people, a champion for hardworking men and opponent to wealthy slaveholders
- Promised to give free land to western settlers and prevent expansion of slavery
- Promised new transcontinental railroad would run through northern states rather than southern states

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5
Q

What did southern states do when Lincoln won presidency?

A

Decided to secede from USA to start their own country and defend their rights as they felt his win was the end of slavery

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6
Q

What happens when southern states decided to secede?

A

(1860-1861)
- Newspapers stirred frenzy
- Nov 1860 south Carolina voted 169-0 to secede from union
- 1860-1 winter six states left to join south Carolina to form the confederacy

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7
Q

What was the confederate congress?

A
  • Feb 1861
  • confederacy elected new government in Montgomery Alabama
  • was led by slaveholder Jefferson Davis
  • argued any state had right to remove itself from the union if it did so democratically
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8
Q

What was the attack in fort sumpter?

A
  • April 1861
  • Lincoln - illegal for south to leave union
  • all government buildings and army forts were still property of USA
  • 12th April confederates opened fire on union soldiers in Fort Sumpter
  • three days later Lincoln asked loyal US troops to stop rebellion and bring confederacy back to us
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9
Q

What was the cotton gin?

A
  • machine that sped up the processing of cotton
  • Slaves had to work harder to grow and pick it
  • drove up number of slaves used
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10
Q

Who was first president of USA?

A

George Washington

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11
Q

Who were white settlers?

A
  • families who came from europe
  • could claim to be citizens of USA if were free, white and of ‘good character’
  • voting rights linked to land ownership
  • women, non citizens and slaves could not vote
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12
Q

Who were native Americans/plains Indians?

A
  • tribes who were native to living in America
  • often came into conflict with white settlers if they tried to take land for farming
  • Indians were allowed to vote if they payed taxes to US
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13
Q

Who were African Americans?

A
  • slaves who were owned by white settlers to complete manual labour
  • no right to vote
  • vast majority lived in Southern States
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14
Q

What were states?

A
  • areas that were well developed, populated, and had a form of government
  • could make own laws as long as didn’t go against constitution
  • could send representatives to congress
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15
Q

How big of a population did you need to become a state?

A

60,000

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16
Q

What were territories?

A
  • Areas of land without enough settlers or stability to become a state
  • Each territory ruled by territorial governor appointed by governor
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17
Q

When was battle of fallen timbers?

A

1794

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18
Q

What was battle of fallen timbers?

A
  • us defeated native Americans
  • Leaders forced to sign treaty of Greenville
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19
Q

What was Treaty of Greenville?

A

Native americans gave up land in the territories which later became states

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20
Q

Consequences of Treaty of Greenville?

A

Forced native americans to move further west causing conflict amongst tribes

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21
Q

What were the thirteen original states?

A

Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Virginia

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22
Q

What did Britain do after losing wars of Independence?

A
  • Handed over land to US
  • This was Native American Land
  • Settlers began moving there to farm which caused conflict with Natives
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23
Q

What was area north of Ohio river called?

A

Northwest Territory

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24
Q

What was area south of Ohio river called?

A

Southwest territory

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25
Q

How much land did Britain give to US after wars of Independence?

A

230 million acres

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26
Q

When were the American wars of independence?

A

1783

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27
Q

Why did French need to sell colony of Louisiana?

A

Needed money to fight British

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28
Q

How much did President Jefferson by colony of Louisiana for?

A

$15 million

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29
Q

Why did Colony of Louisiana allow for US expansion?

A
  • US owned land further west so could explore and expand
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30
Q

What did George Washington do to Native Americans in the Northwest?

A
  • fought against them and took their land
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31
Q

How much of his government budget did George Washington put into campaigns against Native Americans?

A

80%

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32
Q

Why did us grow quickly?

A
  • Early presidents opened the Northwest and Southwest territories for settlement
  • Slaveholders wanted to expand their plantation businesses
  • Louisiana purchase
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33
Q

When did the US gain vermont?

A

1791

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34
Q

When did US gain kentucky?

A

1792

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35
Q

When did US gain Tennessee?

A

1796

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36
Q

When did US gain Ohio?

A

1803

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37
Q

When did US gain Indiana?

A

1816

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38
Q

When did US gain Mississippi?

A

1817

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39
Q

When did US gain Illinois?

A

1818

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40
Q

When did US gain Alabama?

A

1819

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41
Q

When did US gain Florida?

A

1819

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42
Q

Who were Merriweather Lewis and William Clark?

A

Explorers

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43
Q

What did Lewis and Clark do?

A
  • explored new lands
  • Set out in May 1804
  • followed Missouri river into Rocky mountains through to pacific coast
  • got on well with Native Americans
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44
Q

Who was Sacagawea?

A

A woman who acted as a guide for Lewis and Clark

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45
Q

What did expedition of Lewis and Clark lead to?

A
  • further expansion in fur trade
  • encouraged other trades to head west
  • increase in trade with Native Americans
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46
Q

Conflict between White northerners and white southerners?

A
  • Northern business owners thought slavery was unfair competition for their factories
  • did not agree with slavery
  • people in south thought northern business owners were greedy and morally corrupt
  • saw north as a threat to their way of life
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47
Q

Conflict between abolitionists and white Americans?

A
  • thought growth of slavery was immoral
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48
Q

Why did slavery spread so quickly in southwest?

A

Good climate and fertile land perfect for growing cotton

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49
Q

What were consequences of the growth of slavery in south?

A

Slave traders purchased enslaved people in old slave states and marched them to deep south

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50
Q

How much profit did slave traders make on each slave?

A

$1000 per slave

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51
Q

What did increase in price of slaves mean?

A

Kidnapping of free black people in north

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52
Q

What was the pushing system?

A
  • Fastest cotton pickers at front to set pace for others
  • If you failed to keep up, you would be punished
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53
Q

Who created cotton gin?

A

Eli Whitney

54
Q

When was cotton gin produced?

A

1793

55
Q

Consequences of cotton gin?

A

More slaves needed to pick cotton

56
Q

What states were in the cotton kingdom?

A

Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina

57
Q

By 1820, how much of all US exports were cotton?

A

42%

58
Q

Who was Charles Deslondes?

A

A slave who organised a revolt

59
Q

What happened to Deslondes rebellion?

A
  • brutally curtailed
  • northerners feared consequences of free slaves being able to vote
60
Q

Who were abolitionists?

A

People who wanted to abolish slavery

61
Q

When was Andrew Jackson president?

A

1829-1837

62
Q

Who was Andrew Jackson?

A

President who openly supported slavery

63
Q

What were the five civilised tribes?

A

Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek and Seminole

64
Q

What were Washington’s views on native americans?

A
  • biologically equal
  • tried to persuade them to become more civilised and live like white people
65
Q

What was Attack on Creeks?

A

White american army led by Andrew Jackson defeated the creeks

66
Q

What were terms of Indian Removal Act?

A
  • land in west set aside for Indians who moved from east
  • Indian tribes could sign up for it
67
Q

When was Indian removal act?

A

1830

68
Q

When was attack on creeks?

A

1814

69
Q

When was trail of tears?

A

1838

70
Q

What was trail of tears?

A
  • US army forced 18,000 Cherokee people to move west
  • over 4000 died of cold, hunger or disease
71
Q

When was Declaration of Independence?

A

1776

72
Q

How much did an enslaved persons vote count for?

A

3/5

73
Q

What did government decide to do about slavery in north and southwest territories?

A

Make amount of states with slavery equal to states with no slavery

74
Q

Why was opposition to slavery unsuccessful before 1838?

A

South became increasingly independent

75
Q

What happened in 1814 when plains indians fought back against white settlers farming on their land?

A

Forced to sign over land

76
Q

What were consequences for creeks after the attack on creeks?

A

Forced to sign over 23 million acres of land to Andrew Jackson

77
Q

Impact on native Americans due to white settlers moving to America?

A

Forced to move west

78
Q

Consequences of battle of fallen timber?

A

Lead to Greenville treaty

79
Q

Impact on Native Americans due to treaty of Greenville?

A

Natives agree to formally give up Ohio and move further west

80
Q

Impact on Native Americans due to Indian Removal act?

A
  • forced to move west of Mississippi river into new Indian territory
81
Q

What did Plain Indians believe religiously?

A

Great spirit ruled over earth and all living things had spirits of their own

82
Q

What were roles of men in indian tribes?

A
  • Skilled horsemen
  • warriors
83
Q

How were each plain indians tribes different?

A
  • own language
  • distinctive culture
84
Q

What did Lakota Sioux?

A

Food, clothing and shelter

85
Q

What did Lakota Sioux do before a hunt, and why?

A

A buffalo dance as it called for a spirit world for a successful hunt

86
Q

What did lakota families live in?

A

Tipis made of several buffalo hides stretched over wooden poles

87
Q

What roles did women have in plain indians tribes?

A

Prepare food
Craft items
Ensuring tipi was built or dismantled in time

88
Q

What did Lakota sioux believe religiously?

A
  • Wakan Tanka, all living things had own spirit
89
Q

How were Lakota Sioux tribes structured?

A
  • no single leader of all tribes
  • each tribe chose leader who would be a good leader
  • each tribe made up of bands (10-50 families)
90
Q

Who controlled new spain and new mexico by 1839?

A

Spain and Mexico
Land was fertile

91
Q

What happened to US economy in 1837 in East?

A
  • banks collapsed
  • people lost savings
  • wages fell
  • people lost jobs
  • farmers struggled
92
Q

What happened to California in 1848?

A

Taken from Mexico and became US land

93
Q

What pulled migrants to west?

A

Rich farming land
New opportunities

94
Q

What was pre-emption act?

A

Stopped land speculators buying up all land

95
Q

When was pre-emption act?

A

1841

96
Q

What was manifest destiny?

A

Idea it was God’s plan that whites should civilise the West

97
Q

Step 1 of journey west?

A
  • spend winter in a town before they travelled
  • built wagons here and stocked up on supplies
  • set off in spring
98
Q

Impact on plain indians due to step 1 of journey west?

A

Migrants had to go through natives hunting land which natives had been promised by US government in Indian removal act

99
Q

Step 2 of journey west?

A
  • follow platte river along Oregon trail
  • 18 miles a day
  • stopped at US forts along trail like Fort Laramie or Fort Kearney for rest and supplies
100
Q

Problems faced on journey west?

A
  • baking sun
  • torrential rain
  • rivers
  • buffalo
  • rocky mountains
101
Q

Step 3 of journey west?

A
  • had to pass rocky mountains
  • mountain passes not very wide
102
Q

Impact on plain Indians due to step 3 of the journey west?

A
  • very limited impact as not many plain Indians lived in mountains
103
Q

Step 4 of journey west?

A
  • reached Fort Hall
  • had to decide to take route south to California or north to Oregon
104
Q

What would happen if people chose to head to Oregon?

A
  • have to cross blue mountains
  • many chose to abandon wagons and go by foot
105
Q

What would happen if people chose to go to California?

A
  • Had to cross desert
  • Had to cross Sierra Nevada desert
106
Q

Problems of Sagar journey west?

A
  • heavy weather
  • wagon overturned
  • Catherine broke her leg
  • henry died
  • Naomi died
  • children orphans
  • Marcus and Narcissa Whitman killed
  • Only 4/6 Sagar children survived
107
Q

When did Henry Sagar family set off?

A

May 1844

108
Q

Why was Sagar family journey not typical?

A
  • most common cause of death was disease not murder
109
Q

What did Brigham Young say about land ownership?

A

Church would decide how much land each family got according to their needs

110
Q

What did Brigham Young do to improve Mormon settlement of Utah?

A

Brought in irrigation systems for farming and fresh water

111
Q

When and how was Utah added to USA?

A

1850 as a territory

112
Q

Who was Brigham Young?

A

The first governor of the Mormon settlement of Utah

113
Q

What did John D.Lee and a group of other mormons do in September 1857?

A
  • Massacred settlers they believed to be US army spies
114
Q

Why were people worried by Mormon settlement?

A

Free to make own laws on property ownership and marriage

115
Q

What issues did the massacres cause for the mormon settlement?

A

Young forced to step down
Utah made to follow laws of rest of USA

116
Q

When and where was gold first discovered?

A

December 1848 and in the Sierra Nevada desert

117
Q

Why was gold mining so popular?

A

People were making hundreds of dollars a day, while average wage was $2-3 a day

118
Q

How many Americans headed to California in 1849?

A

Over 50,000

119
Q

When did California become a state?

A

1850

120
Q

What would happen if Indians were found digging for gold?

A
  • if they could not prove they had a job, they would be arrested and sold for slave labour
121
Q

Impact of Gold Rush on California’s wealth and influence?

A
  • over 50,000 Americans headed to California in 1849
  • created demand and merchants began to start up (Levi Strauss)
  • merchants sold goods at inflated prices
122
Q

Impact of Gold Rush on environment?

A
  • 108 larger companies dominating digging by 1852
  • California becomes state
  • growth of towns and cities
  • development of rail road
  • landslides, floods and chemicals
123
Q

Impact of Gold Rush on native Americans?

A
  • danger of death mining alongside migrants
  • could be sold into slave labour
124
Q

Impact of Pikes peak Gold Rush on centre of USA?

A
  • increased migration via sail wagons
  • development of farming
  • new towns
  • Kansas becomes state
125
Q

Who were town boosters?

A

People who created fake maps to give to migrants in order to lead them into their town to spend money

126
Q

Impact of Pikes Peak Gold Rush on Native Americans?

A
  • Whites wanted to settle on Native American land
  • Cheyenne and Arapaho had conflict with white settlers
127
Q

What was 13th amendment?

A

Banned slavery across us

128
Q

When was 13th amendment?

A

January 1865

129
Q

What was Louisiana purchase?

A
  • US purchased land
  • Land available for plantations increased
130
Q

When was Louisiana purchase?

A

1803

131
Q

What was Missouri compromise?

A
  • states had to join US in pairs

History (8 decks)

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