People of the UK Flashcards
What is trade?
The exchange of goods or services
What is a trade surplus
Where a country’s exports exceed imports
What is a trade deficit?
Where a country’s imports exceed exports
What did the UK and EU announce in 2020?
A free trade deal that took effect on January 1st 2021 which meant there were no tariffs or quotas
What are primary sector jobs?
The harvesting of raw materials from nature
What are secondary sector jobs?
Conversion of raw materials into something more valuable
What are tertiary sector jobs?
Selling of services and skills as well as goods and products
What are quaternary sector jobs?
Industries providing information (very intellectual)
What is the Gini Coefficient?
The measure of inequality among the distribution of money
What does it mean if a country has a Gini coefficient of 1?
Perfect inequality
What does it mean if a country has a Gini coefficient of 0?
Perfect equality
What is the poverty trap?
Where a family is in poverty, making it hard to escape from it
What are the 4 key reasons for uneven development in the UK?
- Geographical location
- Economic change
- Investment in key infrastructure
- Government policy
How does geographical location affect development?
- London’s dominance could trickle out to surrounding areas like Cambridge
- Coastal areas flourish for trading purposes
- Resource rich areas like South Wales boomed
- Steep relief hinders construction
- Isolation means that areas are difficult to get to
How does economic change affect development?
The change from a primary sector population to tertiary sector population means that some areas have changed. Also, the demand for tertiary sector jobs has increased so more people are needed for tertiary sector jobs
How does infrastructure affect development?
Infrastructure involves transport, services and communications with some areas having more investment benefiting that area and increase development
How does government policy affect development?
The government has two options of either funding projects in London or promote development in other locations to even out inequalities. The government spends 6x more on a person in London than in the North on transport
Why has housing become unaffordable in Cambridge?
Increased job opportunities in research and development attracting more workers into the area
What are the impacts of housing in Cambridge?
House and rent prices have increased rapidly, making Cambridge the highest cost outside of London
What are the causes of Cambridge’s traffic?
- Medieval style town centre with narrow streets
2 . High income jobs mean more people commuting into the city - Growth of towns outside Cambridge mean that people will have to travel more for their jobs everyday
Why is waste becoming a problem in Cambridge?
Increased wealth is resulting in more waste
What is the multiplier effect?
Investment in businesses and economic growth often leads to improved positive impacts in the area because it creates a chain of knock-on impacts
Why is inequality becoming a problem in Cambridge?
The wealth from economic growth hasn’t been spread evenly across all residents due to many high-paying jobs requiring high-skill levels so many people cannot have these high-paying jobs
What is natural increase?
The difference between the birth and death rate
What are the positives of an aging population?
- Lower crime rates
- Help with childcare, allowing parents to work
- Social benefits - grandparents passing on knowledge
What are the negatives of an ageing population?
- More strain on the NHS
- Less people paying taxes
- Higher dependency ratio
What is migration?
The movement of people from one place to another
What is immigration?
People coming into a country
What is emmigration?
People leaving a country
What are push and pull factors for migration into the UK?
Push:
1. War
2. Lack of education
3. Poor services
Pull:
1. Better job opportunities
2. Better quality of life
3. Better services
Why is the UK an ageing population?
It has a large proportion of the population aged over 65 years old
What are the positive impacts of immigration into the UK?
- More people working leading to increasing economy
- Vibrant communities
- Counterbalances aging population
What are the negative impacts of immigration into the UK?
- Housing shortage worsened with migrants
- Cost if treating migrants increasing
- Tensions between different ethnic groups leading to violence
What is urbanisation?
The increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas
What is suburbanisation?
The movement of people out of inner city areas into the edges of cities
What is counter-urbanisation?
The movement of people out of urban areas into rural areas
What is re-urbanisation?
The movement of people from suburbs and rural areas back into inner city areas
What are the consequences of green belts?
They reduce land available and pushes up house prices
