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Geography (OCR) > Ecosystems of the Planet (Congo Basin and GBR) > Flashcards

Ecosystems of the Planet (Congo Basin and GBR) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A community that consists of living organisms and their habitats.

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2
Q

Where are deserts found?

A

In a discontinuous band around the tropics at around 15-30 degrees N & S

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3
Q

Where are tropical rainforests found?

A

In a discontinuous band around the equator at around 0-15 degrees N & S

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4
Q

What are the 5 reasons climate is different in different places?

A
  1. Distance from the sea
  2. Prevailing wind direction
  3. Latitude (concentration of solar radiation)
  4. Altitude
  5. Ocean currents
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5
Q

How much rainfall does temperate forests receive?

A

750mm to 1500mm per year

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6
Q

How much rainfall does tropical rainforests recieve?

A

> 2000mm per year

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7
Q

How much rainfall do deserts receive?

A

<250mm per year

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8
Q

What adaptations do camels have to survive the desert?

A
  1. Humps to store fat
  2. Tough leathery lips to eat plants with spines
  3. Large feet to not sink into sand
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9
Q

What adaptations does the Saguaro Cactus have to survive the desert?

A
  1. Can store 5 tonnes of water
  2. Long roots to absorb water
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10
Q

What are the adaptations of flora in tropical grasslands?

A
  1. Small leaves to reduce transpiration
  2. Slick, shiny bark to reflect sunlight away
  3. Deep tap roots
  4. 10m wide and can store 120,000 litres of water
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11
Q

What threats do the Congo Basin face?

A
  1. Illegal logging (87% illegal)
  2. Central African Elephant poached
  3. Gorillas poached
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12
Q

What are 3 management strategies to combat threats to the rainforest?

A
  1. The Virunga National Park
  2. Forest Stewardship Council Certification (FSCC)
  3. World Bank Funding
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13
Q

What are the benefits of Virunga National Park?

A
  1. 60,000 new jobs
  2. Stopping illegal logging and poaching
  3. Improved drinking water health and education for 4 million people by 2025
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14
Q

What are the negatives of Virunga National Park?

A

160 rangers killed in the last 2 decades

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15
Q

What are the benefits of FSCC?

A
  1. Can certify companies that are legally allowed to log in the Congo Basin rainforest
  2. 5 million hectares certified
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16
Q

What are the negatives of FSCC?

A

A relatively small scale project

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17
Q

What are the positives of World Bank Funding?

A
  1. $40m funded for 120,000 people
  2. 100,000ha of land protected
  3. Improved quality cooking stoves for people in Kinshasa
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18
Q

What are the negatives of World Bank Funding?

A
  1. Only focused on Kinshasa people
  2. Money channelled through the government who has a poor record for corruption
19
Q

Where are coral reefs located?

A

In a discontinuous band between 0-30 degrees N and S.

20
Q

Where is the GBR located?

A

On the East coast of Australia

21
Q

How are coral reefs and zooxanthellae interdependent on each other?

A
  1. Zooxanthellae photosynthesise for coral for a place to live inside coral
  2. Coral releases nitrogen which zooxanthellae benefit from
  3. These products fertilise the algae
22
Q

How are anemones and clownfish interdependent on each other?

A
  1. Clownfish immune from anemone stings
  2. Brightly coloured clownfish attract predators to anemone
  3. Anemones ingest predator
  4. Clownfish then get a place to live
23
Q

What would happen if there was a sudden increase in nutrients in the water?

A
  1. The water would turn cloudy
  2. Harder for zooxanthellae to photosynthesise
  3. Formation of large algae sheets on surface of water which block sunlight
  4. Death of coral
24
Q

What are some threats to the Great Barrier Reef?

A
  1. Temperature rise causing bleaching
  2. Farming where nutrient rich sediments end up in ocean
  3. Crown-of-Thorns-Starfish
  4. Over-Tourism
25
Q

What are some management strategies to combat threats of the GBR?

A
  1. Changing farming practices
  2. Using bile salts or vinegar to kill COTS
  3. Guidelines on tourism
26
Q

What is the area of the Congo Basin Rainforest?

A

500 million acres

27
Q

How many unique species of plants are there in the Congo Basin?

A

10,000

28
Q

How many different species of mammals are there in the Congo Basin?

A

400

29
Q

How many people live in the Congo Basin?

A

75million(150 different ethnic groups)

30
Q

How many traditional medicines are there from the moabi tree?

A

50

31
Q

How many tonnes of CO2 is stored in trees in the Congo Basin?

A

22.9 gigatonnes

32
Q

What percent of logging is illegal in the DRC?

A

87%

33
Q

What is the deforestation rate in the Congo Basin?

A

0.15%-0.20% per year

34
Q

How much land has Central Africa lost due to deforestation from 1991 to 2000?

A

91,000km

35
Q

How many new jobs has Virunga National Park created?

A

60,000

36
Q

How much money has been funded by World Bank Funding?

A

$40m

37
Q

What percentage of the coral reefs cover the world’s ocean surface?

A

0.1% but provide a home for at least 25% of all marine species

38
Q

How many species of fish, invertebrates and algae are found in the GBR?

A

1 million species

39
Q

How much money does the GBR generate directly to the economy?

A

$6.4bn

40
Q

How many jobs are reliant on the GBR?

A

64,000

41
Q

What is the area of the GBR?

A

340,000km^2

42
Q

What percent of the GBR is in danger of bleaching if there is a 2-3 degrees rise in temperature?

A

97%

43
Q

How many tourists visit the coral reefs each year?

A

2 million

Geography (OCR) (4 decks)

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