People In Organisations Flashcards
What is workforce planning?
Estimating future human resource requirements and ensuring the firm has the right number of people, in the right place with the right skills at the right time
What is human resources?
The function within businesses responsible for an organisations people. This function deals with workforce planning, recruitment, training and pay issues
What is one main reason for workforce planning 0?
Demographic and social change- the demand for products, services and workforce supply. Businesses can ,one money if planning wrongly
What are some benefits of workforce planning?4
Helping firms to tackle problems such as staff shortages and staffing costs.
Help to ensure the production of quality products
Save money by cutting costs associated with high vacancies and turnover
Redundancies reduced
What are 3 problems that managers might encounter when planning for the workforce of the future?
Actions of competition- them getting popular and taking workers
Government cut back on training places
Changing nature of the market so the business may not be wanted in the future
What is internal recruitment?
Finding someone already employed in the business to fill a vacancy
What are 4 advantages of internally recruiting?
You know them
They know the business
Convenient as you don’t need to go out and find them
Increase loyalty
What are 3 disadvantages of recruiting internally?
Friction from unsuccessful candidates
Leaves another gap to be filled
Small group of people to pick from
What is external recruitment?
Finding someone not employed in the business to fill a vacancy
What is a job description
An overview of what the job is about
What is a person specification
What the person should be like
What are the 12 stages of recruitment
Job arises Internal or external Job description Person specification Adverts drawn and placed in places Application forms issued Shortlisting Interviews Psychometric testing Assessment day Selection takes place and someone is appointed Induction phase
What are psychometric testing
Online questions about English, maths and personality traits
What is an appraisal
Regular meetings with their direct line manager every six months in which the staff members performance is analysed usually against performance targets
What are 3 benefits of appraisals
Motivate staff- told they’re doing a good job
Targets can be set to meet the objectives of the business
Can link to bonuses and rewards
What are 3 disadvantages to appraisals?
They take a long time
Competition between employees
Pressure to meet targets so increase stress
What are 3 financial methods of motivating the workforce?
Bonus
Discounts
Company car
What are 3 non financial methods of motivating the workforce?
Awards
Holidays
Appraisals
Why would you motivate people?
More productive
So workers don’t leave
Workers give the firm a good reputation
What is price rate pay?
Workers are paid for every product made
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of piece rate pay?
Products made quicker
Products may lack quality
What are wages?
Wages are paid hourly to workers
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of wages
Security that you will get paid
Level of wage may be low
What are salaries
Salaries are paid at a annual rate
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of salaries
Good financial sense for a business
Business may not be liable to pay for extra work
What is profit related pay
Pay employees based on profits of the company
What are bonus schemes
Schemes suitable for different employees
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of bonus schemes
Employees will get more money
Not set amount of how much money you’d get
What are fringe benefits
Other forms of financial motivation
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of fringe benefits
Employees get extras
Costs the business more
What is leadership
The act I’d establishing direction and purpose of a topic, setting a target and working towards it with your team
What is management
Organising human ad physical resources to achieve aims. Telekinetic your team what to do
What are 3 things managers do
Setting objective
Coordinating activities
Reviewing performance
Who are the 5 people behind motivational theories
Maslow Mayo Hertzberg Taylor Mcgreggor
Outline hertzbergs theory
2 factor theory
Motivators- factors that a business could introduce that would directly motivate workers (interesting work)
Hygiene-factors that demotivate employees if not present but themselves would not motivate (safe conditions)
Outline mayos theory
Not just concerned with money but could be motivated by having social needs met
Eg better communicating with manages, lighting
Outline Taylor’s theory
Motivated mainly by pay, they don’t enjoy work so go there just to get the money
Outline maslows theory
Psychological needs have to be met
The triangle
What workers need and how needs are satisfied
What are the 5 layers in maslows theory triangle
Basic needs Safety needs Social needs Self esteem Self fulfilment
Outline mcgreggors theory
Theory x-people who dislike work and avoid it where possible
Theory y- consider work play or rest, like responsibility
What are the 5 leadership styles
Autocratic Bureaucratic Laissez-faire Paternalistic Democratic
What is a paternalistic leader?
Leaders make decisions based on the best interest of workers
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of a paternalistic leader
Employees feel valued
Little scope for employees to make decisions
What is an autocratic leader
Manager retains control and makes all decisions
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of an autocratic leader
Quick decisions are made
No expression of ideas so demotivated
What is a democratic leader
Employees are encouraged to participate in and influence decision making
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of an democratic leader
More motivated as they can input ideas and feel listened to
Slower process
What is a bureaucratic leader
The organisation has clearly marked status definitions and jobs are specific
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of a bureaucratic leader
Everyone knows what they’re doing
Struggled change for employees
What is a laissez faire leader like
Little direction given to workers. Broad guidelines are given
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of a laissez faire leader
Useful for skilled, creative and well trained employees
May be chaotic if team work is not evident
What is span of control
The number of subordinates reporting to a manager
What is chain of command
Path of authority along which instructions are passed
What is a hierarchy
The management levels within an organisation
What is an organisational structure
Shows how a business is organised and the management hierarchy
3 features of a tall organisational structure
Narrow span of control
Long chain of command
Decisions take a while as longer communication pathway
What is delayering
Removing layers of the management from the hierarchy of the organisation
What is one key objective for delayering
Save money bus lending less on wages
What are 2 benefits a business would enjoy if successfully de layered a organisational structure
Shorter communication paths-info passed around quicker, less likely to be misinterpreted
Lower labour costs- allowed money to be spent elsewhere
What 3 factors influence the span of control in a business
Size and complexity of business
Personality/skill of manager
The extent of clear objectives throughout a business
Define delegation
An assignment to others of the authority for particular functions, tasks and decisions
What are 2 advantages for a business that encourages delegation
Subordinates are motivated and empowered
Reduce management stress
2 disadvantages for a business that uses delegation
Harder in a smaller business
Increases strew and workload for employees
What are the 4types of organisational structures
Hierarchical structure
Individual structure
Matrix structure
Entreprenurial structure
Describe the hierarchical structure
One managing director then subordinates of them and then subordinates of them
What type of leadership style would use a hierarchical structure
Bureaucratic
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of hierarchical structure
Practical if you’re a large business
Inflexible
Describe an entreprenurial structure
Less hierarchical and teams communicate straight to md
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of an entreprenurial structure
Fast decisions and flexible
Md won’t know which is more important
Describe a matrix structure
All the departments work together to complete a projects
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of a matrix structure
Flexible and uses specialists for each department
Working on projects you don’t like so demotivated
Describe an individual structure
Employing a business temporarily to do things the boss cannot do
What is a talk organisational structure also known as
Traditional
Tall
Mechanistic
What is a flat organisational structure aka?
Organistic
What is employee empowerment
Giving employees the power to do their job
What does empowerment cover
Giving authority to make directions to front line staff
Encouraging employee feedback
Showing more trust in employees
3 reasons why you would change th organisational structure
Reduce costs
Employees motivation needs to be increased
Growth of business
What 3 challenges come with changing the organisational structure
Costs
Manager and employed resistance
Demotivattion
