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GCSE Business > People in business > Flashcards

People in business Flashcards

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1
Q

Motivation

A

The factors that influence the behaviour of employees towards achieving set business goals

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2
Q

Labour productivity

A

A measure of the efficiency of employees by calculating the output per employees by calculating the output per employee

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3
Q

Absenteeism

A

Employees’ non-attendance at work without good reason

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4
Q

Labour turnover

A

The rate at which employees leave the business

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5
Q

The theory of the economic man

A

The view that humans are motivated only by money

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6
Q

Piece-rate

A

Paying employees for each unit produced

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7
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy from bottom to top

A

Physical needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, self-actualisation

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8
Q

Hygiene factors

A

The factors that must be present in the workplace to prevent job dissatisfaction

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9
Q

Motivators

A

The factors that influence a person to increase their efforts

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10
Q

Job dissatisfaction

A

How unhappy and discontent a person is with their job

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11
Q

Financial rewards

A

Cash and non-cash rewards paid to employees which are often used to motivate employees to increase their efforts

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12
Q

Non-financial

A

Methods used to motivate employees that do not involve giving any financial reward

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13
Q

Hourly wage rate

A

A payment to employees based on a fixed amount for each hour worked

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14
Q

Salary

A

A fixed annual payment to certain grades and types of staff not based on hours worked or output

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15
Q

Commission

A

A payment to sales staff based on the value of the items they sell

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16
Q

Bonus

A

An additional reward paid to employees for achieving targets set by managers

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17
Q

Performance-related-pay

A

A bonus scheme used to reward staff for performing to the required standard

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18
Q

Fringe benefits

A

Non-cash rewards often used to recruit or retain employees and to recognise the status of certain employees

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19
Q

Profit sharing

A

An additional payment to employees based on the profits of the business

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20
Q

Job rotation

A

Increasing variety in the workplace by allowing employees to switch from one task to another

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21
Q

Job enlargement

A

Increasing or widening tasks to increase variety for employees

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22
Q

Job enrichment

A

Organising work so that employees are encouraged to use their full abilities

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23
Q

Job satisfaction

A

How happy and content a person is with their job

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24
Q

Quality circles

A

Groups of employees who meet regularly to discuss work-related problems

25
Q

Team working

A

Organising production so that groups of employees complete the whole unit of work

26
Q

Delegation

A

Passing responsibility to perform tasks to employees lower down in the organisation

27
Q

Organisational structure

A

The formal, internal framework of a business that shows how it is managed and organised

28
Q

Functional departments

A

The main activities of a business: finance, marketing, operations, human resources and reseach and development

29
Q

Hierarchy

A

The number of levels in an organisational structureC

30
Q

Chain of command

A

The route through which authority is passed down through an organisation

31
Q

Subordinate

A

An employee who is below another employee in the organisation’s hierarchy

32
Q

Span of control

A

The number of subordinates reporting to each supervisor/manager

33
Q

Delayering

A

Reducing te size of the hierarchy by removing one or more levels - most often middle management

34
Q

Centralised organisation

A

One where all the important decision-making is held at head office, or the centre

35
Q

Decentralised organisation

A

One where the decision-making powers are passed down the organisation to lower levels

36
Q

Manager

A

An individual who is in charge of a certain group of tasks, or a certain area or department of a business, for example factory manager

37
Q

Supervisor

A

An individual who checks and controls the work of subordinates

38
Q

Delegation

A

Passing authority down through the heirarchy to a subordinate

39
Q

Autocratic leadership

A

A leadership style where the leader makes all the decisions

40
Q

Democratic leadership

A

A leadership style where employees take part in decison making

41
Q

Laissez-faire leadership

A

A leadership style where most of the decisions are left to the employees

42
Q

Trade union

A

An organisation of employees aimed at improving pay and working conditions and providing other services, such as legal advice, for members

43
Q

Internal recruitment

A

Filling a vacant post with someone already employed in the business

44
Q

External recruitment

A

Filling a vacant post with somebody not already employed in the business

45
Q

Job description

A

A list of the key points about a job, job title, key duties, responsibilities and accountability

46
Q

Person specification

A

A list of the qualifications, skills, experience and personal qualities looked for in a successful applicant

47
Q

Shortlist

A

A list of candidates who are chosen from all of the applicants to be interviewed for the job

48
Q

Induction training

A

A training programme to help new recruits become familiar with the workspace, the people they work with and the procedures they need to follow

49
Q

On-the-job training

A

Training at the place of work; watching or following an experienced employee

50
Q

Off-the-job training

A

Training that takes place away from the workplace, for example at college, university or specialist training premises

51
Q

Resignation

A

Termination of employment by the employee, perhaps because they have found a job with a different employer

52
Q

Retirement

A

Termination of employment due to the employee reaching an age beyond which they do not need to work

53
Q

Redundancy

A

Termination of employment by the employer because the job is no longer needed

54
Q

Dismissal

A

Termination by the employer because the employee has broken company rules or is not performing work to the required standard

55
Q

Communication media

A

The methods used to communicate a message

56
Q

Feedback

A

The receiver’s response to a message

57
Q

Effective communication

A

Information between two or more people or groups, with feedback to confirm that the message has been received and understood

58
Q

Two-way communication

A

The reciever is allowed to respond to the message and the sender listens to the response

GCSE Business (6 decks)

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