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Business > People- HR > Flashcards

People- HR Flashcards

1
Q

What is an organisational structure?

A

How a business organises its staff to represent the different layers of management

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2
Q

What are the 2 main types of organisational structure?

A

-Tall → many layers management
- flat → few layers of management

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3
Q

Advantages of tall structure?

A
  • Opportunities for promotion → motivates staff
  • Staff gain more support from line manager
  • Higher degree of supervision
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4
Q

Disadvantages of tall structure?

A
  • Many levels of hierarchy
  • Span of control=narrow + chain of command = long → slow communication (instructions take longer to travel through levels)
  • Can be expensive due to high wage costs
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5
Q

Advantages of flat structure

A
  • Few levels of hierarchy
  • Lines of communication = short → makes firm responsive to change + decision making quicker
  • Can be empowered to work independently + take on more responsibility
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6
Q

Disadvantages of flat structure

A
  • Wide span of control → tasks must be delegated → makes employees stressed
  • Less promotion opportunities → may lose staff to business with different organisational structure
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7
Q

What is span of control?

A

The number of staff that a manager has responsibility for

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8
Q

What is chain of command?

A

The route by which instructions + communications flow from top to bottom of a business

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9
Q

What is delegation?

A

A process where tasks are given by managers to employees further down the chain of command

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10
Q

What is delayering?

A

A process where a business removes layers of its management to make its structure more flat

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11
Q

Who are subordinates?

A

Members of staff below a manager in the chain command

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12
Q

What are the different ways of working?

A
  • Full-time
  • Part-time
  • Flexible
  • Temporary
  • Working from home
  • Working whist mobile
  • Self-employed
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13
Q

What are the ways of communicating in business?

A
  • Letter
  • Email
  • Text
  • Meeting/presentation
  • Social media
  • Website
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14
Q

Why is effective business communication important?

A

Means that different areas of the business work well together + everyone in the business knows what they should be doing and why
Can improve staff motivation as they will know what is going on and are likely to feel more confident that they’re each doing their job properly

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15
Q

What is needed to communicate effectively

A
  • Messages need to reach people that need to receive them without unnecessary delay + without being misinterpreted
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16
Q

Advantage and disadvantage of communicating via text

A

Adv:
- can be sent and received quickly
- great for passing on short informal messages
Disadvs:
- not much use when sending detailed or sensitive information

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17
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of communicating via letter

A

Advs:
- both the sender and receiver can keep the letter for future reference
- helpful if info is important or complicated
Disadvs:
- slow to receive (takes at least a day to be delivered)
- sender gets no immediate feedback
- could get lost in post

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18
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of communicating via phone calls

A

Advs:
- allow instant feedback
- can contact people even if they’re not in the office
Disadv:
- no written record, so risk of details being forgotten

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19
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of communicating via meetings/ presentations

A

Advs:
- good when message needs to be passed on to several people
- good when a subject needs discussing
- allows others to see body language and read facial expressions- helps express the message and confirm it has been understood properly
Disadvs:
- can be quite time-consuming
- need to be arranged in advance

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20
Q

What are methods of digital communication?

A
  • websites
  • email
  • social media
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21
Q

How has digital communication changed how businesses operate

A
  • means that businesses can communicate with people all over the world- makes operating in more than one country easier- have access to markets they may not have been able to sell to before- this makes them a multinational company
  • means people can work from home, can still access documents online and can talk to colleagues using email or video calls
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22
Q

Why do businesses recruit?

A
  • business growth
  • replace employees who leave
  • skills gaps
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23
Q

What is internal recruitment?

A

involves recruiting current employees into new roles. The job position is advertised within the company.

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24
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of internal recruitment

A

Advs:
- much cheaper
- position can be filled quickly
- business already knows candidate well
Disadvs;
- no ‘new blood’ or ideas
- employees move will leave a vacancy to fill

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25
Q

What is external recruitment?

A

involves recruiting from outside the business. The job can be advertised in lots of places.

26
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of external recruitment

A

Advs:
- Job advert will be seen by more people so likely to find somebody really suited to the job
Disadvs:
- expensive

27
Q

What is a job description?

A
  • Includes the formal title of the job, the main purpose of the job the main duties, it will also state who the job holder will report to and whether they will be responsible for any other staff
28
Q

What are the 3 stages involved in recruitment?

A
  1. Job analysis
  2. Advertisement
  3. Selection
29
Q

What is a person specification?

A
  • lists the qualifications, experience, skills and attitudes needed for the job
30
Q

What impact does selecting the right people have on the business?

A
  • High productivity
  • High quality output
  • good customer service
  • staff retention( keeping staff)
31
Q

Methods of selection?

A
  • CV
  • Application form
  • Letter of application
  • Interviews
  • Tests
  • Group activities
  • references
32
Q

What are the financial methods of motivation

A
  • pay
  • bonuses
  • fringe benefits
  • profit sharing
33
Q

What are the non-financial methods of motivation

A
  • praise
  • award schemes
  • good working environment
34
Q

What is the importance of employee motivation?

A
  • improved employee performance
  • helps employee retention
35
Q

What is the importance of employee retention

A
  • already familiar with business and customers
  • saves time and expense of recruitment
36
Q

How does training staff improve employee retention and motivation?

A
  • reduces rate at which employees leave the business as they are happy in their role
  • this cost reduction will have an impact on profit
37
Q

What the 3 types of training?

A
  • Induction
  • on-the-job
  • off-the-job
38
Q

Why do businesses train their workers?

A
  • development of the business
  • improve productivity
  • skill shortages
  • customer service
  • motivation and retention
39
Q

How does development benefit employers?

A
  • trained staff should be better at their jobs- means they produce higher quality goods, provide better customer service and they are more efficient and productive
  • training staff covers skill shortages
  • staff feel more motivated so might increase staff retention
  • stuffstay up-to-date with changes
40
Q

How does training and development benefit employees?

A
  • employees with up-to-date, knowledge and skills should be able to do their jobs better -increases job satisfaction and motivation
  • gaining new skills, can lead to promotion of jobs with better pay and more responsibility
41
Q

What is an application form?

A

an official way to apply for a job or training course with a company.

42
Q

What is an apprenticeship?

A

a paid job where the employee learns and gains valuable experiences

43
Q

What is authority?

A

the official power to make decisions for other people or to tell them what they must do

44
Q

What is accountability?

A

the acceptance of responsibility for honest and ethical conduct toward others

45
Q

What is an award scheme?

A

A non-financial method of motivation for employees
- could include: employee of the month, certificates

46
Q

What is a bonus?

A

a form of additional remuneration

47
Q

What is communication?

A

the process of sending and receiving information from one person to another using a channel of communication

48
Q

What is contract of employment?

A

a document or verbal agreement between an employee and employer which sets out the terms and conditions of the employment

49
Q

What is customer service?

A

the assistance an organisation offers to its customers before or after they buy or use products or services

50
Q

What is a CV?

A

a personal document that includes information about an applicant’s skills, experience, qualifications and hobbies

51
Q

What is delegation?

A

a process where tasks are given by managers to employees further down the chain of command.

52
Q

What is development?

A

helps businesses to ensure their employees are able to perform well, reach their potential and stay motivated

53
Q

What is digital communication?

A

sending and receiving such information electronically

54
Q

What is discrimination?

A

when an employer treats one employee less favourably than others

55
Q

What is an employment agency?

A

a company that helps people find jobs

56
Q

What is the employment law?

A

Laws protecting the rights of employees which must be obeyed by the employers

57
Q

What is employment tribunal?

A

a court that deals with employment-related disputes

58
Q

What is external communication?

A

the exchange of message(s) between an organisation and external entities such as customers, suppliers or investors

59
Q

What are the methods of external recruitment?

A
  • external job adverts published via external emails
  • job websites
  • recruitment agencies
  • the business’ own website
  • newspapers and magazines
60
Q

what is external recruitment?

A

opening up a vacancy to a wider pool of candidates rather than selecting someone from the existing staff to fill the role

61
Q

What is flexible working?

A

a way of working that suits an employee’s needs, for example having flexible start and finish times, or working from home.

Business (6 decks)

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