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geography- paper 3 > people and the biosphere > Flashcards

people and the biosphere Flashcards

1
Q

biosphere

A

living layer of earth where all plants and animals are found

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2
Q

biomes

A

a large scale ecosystem

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3
Q

latitude

A

measure how far north or south a location on the earths surface is from the equator

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4
Q

taiga biome

A

-north america, europe, asia
-northern hemisphere
-not close to equator
(russia, mongolia, japan, canada)
-cold temperature
-both precipitation

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5
Q

taiga vegetation

A

coniferous trees (pine)

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6
Q

deciduous forest

A

-north america, europe, asia
-northern hemisphere
-not close to equator
(uk)
-middle temperature
-rain

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7
Q

deciduous vegetation

A

deciduous trees (oak)

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8
Q

tropical rainforest

A

-south america, africa, asia
-north and south hemisphere
-close to equator
(brazil, congo, australia)
-hot temperature
-high precipitation

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9
Q

tropical vegetation

A

evergreen trees

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10
Q

tundra

A

-north america, asia, europe
-north hemisphere
-not close to equator
(canada, russia)
-cold temperature
-low precipitation

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11
Q

tundra vegetation

A

grasses, lichens, no trees

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12
Q

grasslands

A

-africa
-north and south hemisphere
-close to equator
(australia)
-hot temperature
-both precipitation

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13
Q

grasslands vegetation

A
  • short/ tall grasses

- few trees

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14
Q

desert

A

-africa
-north and south hemisphere
-not close to equator
(egypt)
-hot temperature
-low precipitation

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15
Q

desert vegetation

A

small amount of cacti and succulents

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16
Q

climate effects the growth of plants

A
  • plants need temp over 5°
  • precipitation and water availability is important
  • sunshine hours and intensity affect photosynthesis
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17
Q

what is controlled by latitude

A

sunlight intensity
temperature
precipitation

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18
Q

location near the equator

A

-warmer than poles
(intense sunlight)
-high angle sun rays

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19
Q

precipitation is high

A

-rising parts of convection cells

air pressure = low

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20
Q

precipitation is low

A

-descending parts of convection cells

air pressure = high

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21
Q

rock and soil type affect uk ecosystem

A

-acidity / alkalinity of soil influence the plant growth

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22
Q

water availability and drainage affect uk ecosystem

A

how wet the soil is:

  • precipitation
  • evaporation
  • permeable soil
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23
Q

altitude affect uk ecosystem

A
  • temp drops 6.5° every 1000m increase in height

- rainfall increases with height

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24
Q

biotic

A

living parts

animals and plants

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25
Q

abiotic

A

non living parts

atmosphere and water

26
Q

biotic and abiotic parts of ecosystem

A

1)energy provided by photosynthesis
2)plants take in CO2 and release 02
animals take in O2 and release CO2
3)energy flows along food web
4)water moves through soil,plants, animals to atmosphere (via respiration and evaporation)
5)when plants and animals die, decomposition returns nutrients to soil
6)weathering of rocks provide soil nutrients

27
Q

importance of healthy ecosystem

A

-maintain healthy atmosphere globally (trees take in co2 and store carbon)

28
Q

indigenous people

A

original people of region that lead traditional lifestyles and use area to survive

29
Q

indigenous people use

A
  • wood for cooking fires

- plants and wild honey for medicines

30
Q

sustainable life - efe people

environmentally

A
  • small carbon footprint

- plants for food and medicine

31
Q

sustainable life - efe people

socially

A
  • strong community

- little outside influence

32
Q

sustainable life - efe people

economically

A

-sells meat to others in region

trade items

33
Q

slash and burn farming

A
  • farmers clear areas by cutting and burning
  • ash from burning adds nutrients to soil
  • land is farmed for 5-6 years
  • soil becomes infertile and farmers move to a new area
34
Q

large areas of biomes are cleared for:

A
  • commercial farming (beef and cattle)
  • commercial crops (palm oil and cocoa beans)
  • mining metal ores (copper and iron)
  • timber (paper, furniture and wood)
  • construction of dams (HEP)
35
Q

carbon sink

A

natural stores for carbon

36
Q

good carbon sink

37
Q

carbon sequestration

A

storing carbon by removing co2 from atmosphere and locking it up in biotic material

38
Q

what makes carbon sequestration happen?

A

photosynthesis

39
Q

hydrological cycle provides

A

humans with clean reliable water supply

40
Q

precipitation

41
Q

percolation

A

water through soil

42
Q

transpiration

A

carried through trees

43
Q

evaporation

A

ocean into air

44
Q

condensation

A

condensing

45
Q

natural resources have a

A

increase in demand

46
Q

use of resource implications on biosphere

A 
-biomes are destroyed 
(land for farming, housing, factories)
-degrade biomes 
(obtaining timber, fish, hunted animals)
-pollute wild environment 
(humans use of natural resources)
47
Q

1975

A

population: 4.1 billion
av income: $3700 per person
urbanisation: 38%

48
Q

2015

A

population: 7.3 billion
ah income: $10,400 per person
urbanisation: 55%

49
Q

china industrialisation

A

1998- no high speed railway

2015- 19,000km of railway

50
Q

india industrialisation

A

2000- 6 million cars

2015- 30 million cars

51
Q

thailand industrialisation

A

urban population=
1990- 17 million
2025- 34 million

52
Q

south korea industrialisation

A

1980- 11kg meat eaten

2013- 43kg meat eaten

53
Q

asia water consumption growth

A

70% increase

54
Q

asia oil consumption growth

A

220% increase

55
Q

asia coal consumption growth

A

64% increase

56
Q

asia meat consumption growth

A

513% increase

57
Q

asia population growth

A

1975->2015

= 2 billion more people

58
Q

pessimistic population theory

A

(malthus)

  • population growth will mean planet will run out of energy food and water
  • thomas malthus
  • club of rome
  • john beddington
59
Q

optimistic population theory

A

(boserup)

  • population grows then humans will invent new technologies for food
  • ester boserup
60
Q

crisis

A

quality of resources= low

quantity= too small

geography- paper 3 (5 decks)

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