People and economic Activity Flashcards
what is ecological dimensions
Ecological dimensions refer to the interrelationship between people and the natural elements of the environment and the impacts that placed upon them.
what is the nature of viticulture
- family-owned and operated business
- labour intensive
- capital intensive
- technologically sophisticated
- long term break even
what is the climate of viticulture
temperature
- Mediterranean climate
- temperatures can range from 30c in summer to 7c in midwinter
- long, dry, hot summers for ripening and cool, moist winters for pruning.
- white grapes is 19C and for red varieties 21C
precipitation
- 750mm of rainfall
- level of rainfall shapes the enterprise with the quality of the wine through extreme rainfall dilutes the sugars of the fruit, decreasing the flavour of the vine and the yield of the fruit
Environment Constraints of this economic activity
Pests and Diseases
- , powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot the most common fungus parasites.
Climate Change
- experienced harvesting season a week and a half earlier triggered from the increase in temperature of soil and warmer summers causing the grapes to mature earlier and ripen more quickly.
two Human Impacts economic activity
Monoculture
- Destruction and the deforestation of habitat in order to establish vineyards, reduces biodiversity and creates a monoculture of wine grapes,
- use of pesticides and fungicides like dithane further reduces biodiversity by killing many species of microorganisms and beneficial bacteria and fungi that supports the surrounding environment with breaking down of nutrients and nutrient cycles.
Resource intensive.
- During vintage, the Drayton family wine uses 4 times more energy due to refrigeration and the machines
- be $250 000 a year with $20000 a month during vintage
- 10.5 litres of water used to produce 1 L of wine
2 sustainable practises
Solar panels and Rain Tanks
- reduced the enterprises energy costs and carbon emissions by 68%.
- the 200-kilowatt solar system with 800 panels
- the 2 dams that are around 80ML to 100ML
- treated, recycled, and then implemented in drip irrigation and then for cleaning.
Recycling Practises
- 20% of 1 kg of grapes is waste in the form of grape skins, seeds, and stems
- recycles this bioproduct through composting and then feeding the products to the cattle, closing the loop. Moreover, the enterprise recycles all glass, cardboard, paper, and plastic.
what are the economic factors that influence viticulture
- capital-intensive and labour-
intensive industry - in most countries the production is consumed within the national market eg Aus consumes 90% of its product while France only 5
what is competitive advantage
- cost of production including investment in capital and returns achieved
- increasing competition between producing nations, combined with the current world glut of wine has impacted on specific nations in relation to their competitive advantages
- increased global competition has resulted in many small scale producers in Aus becoming uncompetitive
sociocultural factors
Tradition has played a significant role i
- Europe for over 2000 year
- . Historically the French have drunk nearly twice the
amount per capita than Australians.
- consumed it at various times
of the day and with most meals. It is drunk by children in small quantities and sometimes
diluted.
nw
- The growth of the cafe society in
places like New York, Sydney, Melbourne and Auckland has made eating
out a popular social experience.
technological factors
TRANSPORTATION - facilitate movement of a global scale
INFORMATION TRANSMISSION
FLOWS
BIOTECHNOLOGY eg genetic engineering to modify the plants
2 technology examples
CANNED WINES
eg riot
DRONES
eg Draytons or Hahn estate in Cali
what are the future directions of viticulture
- wine to Britain
- political tensions between china and Australia
- millenials demand for organic wine
what are organic wines
Organic wines are grown without the use of chemical fertilisers, pesticides or fungicides and has an emphasis on producing eco-friendly wines.
growth of organic wines
Australian organic wine retail sector is valued at 31 million and is growing 54% a year with the global organic consumption almost doubling between 2012 to 2017.
As ecological factors and concerns continuously have an effect in viticulture and winemaking many wineries have begun to focus towards environmental sustainability, with organic wines expected to dramatically increase in the future.
what is the china market
Mainland China e is quickly becoming one of the world’s largest markets for imported wine, with a burgeoning middle class and modernising consumer it presents enormous economic opportunities for exported wine countries. The. Rising Chinese and upper class who are increasing interested wine and culture has resulted in a massive increase of purchases of new world wines.
