People Flashcards
Dias
First to sail to the tip of South Africa
Vasco De Gama
First to sail all the way from Europe to India
Magellan
Portuguese sailor who organised expeditions for Spain
Almost completed the fist circumnavigation
Columbus
Believed that you could get to Asia by going west (not an outlandish theory at the time)
Denied by Portugal because he asked for ships
Cartographers thought that he was underestimating the distance
Denied by England and Spain
Finally gets the men and ships he needs from Ferdinand and Isabelle (Spain)
Dies thinking that he made it to Asia when he really made it to the Caribbean
Amerigo Vespucci
Italian working for the Spanish
First to figure out that south America is a separate continent
America is named after Amerigo
John Cabot
Citizen of Venice
Looking for a northwest passage
Henry 7th and England
Financed by the Bristol Merchants (1 ship and 18 men)
Sailed to North America, first British claim
More voyages, sunk in a Hurricane
Balboa
First to cross over panama and get to the Pacific
Ponce de Leon
Spanish exploration of Florida
Cortes
Large group, 600 men
Establishes Veracruz in Mexico
No official sanctions
Natives believed that he is a god (Quetzalcoatl)
Sinks all of his ships and forces his group to move on into Mexico
Finds a Mayan translator (a shipwrecked Spaniard)- very important to his success
Marina
Given to Cortes
Speaks Mayan and the Aztec language
The “fat Cacique”
Spanish word for leader
leader of Cempola
Montezuma
Leader of present day Mexico (Aztec)
Seized and taken prisoner by Cortez
Spanish take complete control of Aztec empire
Pizzaro
South America
Explores and takes over Inca empire
Jacque Cartier
French explorer
Explores the St. Lawrence river (connects Atlantic to great lakes)
Montreal
John Calvin
Leader of pilgrims and puritans
Important to the NA story
Created Calvinism
The Tudors
England
Henry 7th marries his son (Arthur) to the daughter (Catherine) of the king of Spain
Arthur dies so Catherine marries Henry’s second son (Henry 8th)
Catherine of Aragon- no male child (only daughter, Mary)
Henry 8th
Protestant England with Uses protestant church to divorce Catherine Marries Anne- no boys (Elizabeth) Encourages trade and builds navy Tries to control Irish 1 son- Edward (dies young)
Queen Mary
Daughter of Catherine and Henry 8th
Catholic, tries to change England back to Catholicism
Dies without having any children
Queen Elizabeth
Daugher of Anne and Henry 8th
Comes back after Mary dies
protestant
conflict with Spain
The Sea Dogs
Drake, Gilbert, Raleigh
Sailors/explorers, English, Second sons
Fought in Ireland for Elizabeth
Elizabeth encourages illegal trade (attacking the Spanish)
Drake
English explorer/sailor
one of the sea dogs
defeat of the Spanish armada
circumnavigation of the globe
John Hawkins
First Englishman involved in slave trade
Stole from the Portuguese and sold to the Spanish in the new world
Gilbert and Frobisher
Veterans of the Spanish war
Looking for a northwest passage
Gilbert: wanted a permanent settlement/base in NA
Half brother is Raleigh
His ship sinksRichard Hakluyt
Map maker/geographer
Discourse on western planting- written to convince the queen that they needed a colony in the new world
Reasons:
1. Christianize natives
2. Base for attacks on Spain
3. Provide goods for England that they are buying from the Spanish
4. Market for the things England produces
5. “safety valve” for excess population
6. Way station for passage to the east
Raleigh and Virginia
“joint stock company”
Supported by Elizabeth
John White
Lead a group to Roanoke
Went back to England for more supplies
Sir Thomas Smith
English Businessman
Powerful Merchant
Squanto
Spoke English
Captured and brought to Spain, escapes and makes it back to his home
Helped pilgrims on the Mayflower with planting crops
Acts as a diplomat
Separatists/Pilgrims
Plymouth rock
Anti-Anglican
Protestant- predestination, primitive church, similar to Calvinism
Land on territory not covered by the charter
Puritans
Massachusetts bay
Increasing religious intolerance in England
King Charles the first
Bishop Laud and the great Migration- 20,000 Puritans go to New England
Governor John Winthrop
no religious tolerance
Anne Hutchinson
Religious discussion
Put on trial and expelled
Roger Williams
Rhode Island
“Separation of Church and state”
Flees to Rhode Island, buys the land from the natives
Religious tolerance
Calvert/Lord Baltimore
Establishes Maryland
From England
Learns from Virginia’s mistakes
Henry Hudson
1609
Starts the Dutch West Indies Company
Oliver Cromwell
Cromwell and the roundheads
“Lord Protector”- head of the new government after the English civil war
First English ruler to implement mercantilism
Gets involved in a war with the Dutch, England wins
Charles 2nd
Restoration of the Stuarts
Not vindictive but rewards loyalists
restoration colonies-
-Carolina and Jersey
-populate with overflow from west indies
-close ties to the west indies
Admiral Penn restores the monarchyQuakers
Pennsylvania
“society of friends”
Dislike church of England
Believe that everyone contains the light of God- everyone is equal
Don’t need a minister- all can talk at meetings
even women are considered equal
pacifists
William Penn
his father put Charles 2nd back on the throne
“Grant of Pennsylvania” from Stuarts to Penns to pay debt
Pacifist, Quaker (disappointment to his father)
Sets up a community for Quakers and pacifists
-tolerant community
-democracy
-positive community with the natives
-refuge
