People

Question 1

Diego Velázquez

Answer 1

Spanish painter, 17th century, Seville. Portraitist (cultural depictions), Picasso and Dalí used his art as model for their work

Question 2

Frida Kahlo

Answer 2

Mexican painter, 20th century, Mexico City. Sick and suffered, surrealism, known for self-portraits

Question 3

Ernesto Sábato

Answer 3

Argentine writer. Politically involved after WWII, and started painting. Physics, literature, science, etc.

Question 4

Fernando Botero

Answer 4

Painter born in Colombia, lived in Spain and France. Exaggeration and disproportion in his paintings. “round people” Boterismo

Question 5

Plácido Domingo

Answer 5

Spanish opera singer, famous tenor of Spain. Educated in MX. NY Metropolitan Opera. Director of LA Opera now.

Question 6

Francisco Goya

Answer 6

Spanish painter born 1746. baroque, rococo, neoclassicism,expressionism. First to paint what he wanted instead of what the king or church told him to paint, influence for modern artists. Historic paintings.

Question 7

José Clemente Orozco

Answer 7

Mexican painter. One of the main Mexican muralists. After Mexican Revolution. Pre-Columbian culture. Social justice for working class and native Indians.

Question 8

Diego Rivera

Answer 8

Mexican painter. One of the main Mexican muralists. Influenced by Italian Renaissance and Russian communist movement.

Question 9

David Alfaro Siquerios

Answer 9

Mexican painter. One of the main Mexican muralists. More realistic work, Pre-Columbian culture and colonial Mexico. Influenced by politics, Marxist messages.

Question 10

Celia Cruz

Answer 10

Cuban singer. Most influential figure of Cuban music in 20th century. “queen of salsa”, “guarachera de Cuba”, later lived in the US. 23 golden albums.

Question 11

Salvador Dalí

Answer 11

Spanish painter. Surrealism. began in cubism. Paintings in museums all over the world.

Question 12

Isabel Allende

Answer 12

Writer born in Peru, moved to Chile. Magical realism. Sociopolitical issues in Chile, postcolonial period.

Question 13

Mario Vargas Llosa

Answer 13

Peruvian writer. Political narratives. Realism. Nobel Prize for Literature in 2010.

Question 14

Pablo Picasso

Answer 14

Spanish painter. Cubist paintings, also surrealist work. Hated facist gov’t of Franco, turned to communism.

Question 15

Félix Lope de Vega

Answer 15

Spanish writer. Poetry, theater plays, and prose. Founded Teatro Nacional de Espana. Father of modern comedy.

Question 16

Julio Cortázar

Answer 16

Argentine author. Short stories, essays, novels. Influenced narrative art. Surrealist.

Question 17

Horacio Quiroga

Answer 17

Uruguayan writer. Short stories, poetry. Lived in Argentina. Influenced by Edgar Allen Poe. Horror elements, writer of the bizarre.

Question 18

Juan Rulfo

Answer 18

Mexican writer. Novels, short stories. Magical realism. Historical stories based on the poor of country people. Social injustice, pain, suffering. El llano en llamas and Pedro Páramo.

Question 19

Jorge Luis Borges

Answer 19

Argentine writer, lived in Europe. Professor of English in Buenos Aires. Founded literary movement called Ultraismo. Fantastical work, metaphysical problems.

Question 20

Gabriel García Márquez

Answer 20

Colombian writer. Cien anos de soledad. Magical realism. Space/time, colombian life, social/political life. Nobel Prize for Literature.

Question 21

Carlos Fuentes

Answer 21

Mexican writer. Novels examined Mexican culture and way to preserve it. Based in historical, explore real themes in fictional work.

Question 22

José Enrique Rodó

Answer 22

Uruguayan writer. Best modernist prose writer. Warning about North American influence in Latin America. Wanted to reject materialism, embrace their culture. Connect lit. with spiritualism.

Question 23

Domingo Faustino Sarmiento

Answer 23

Argentinian writer and politician. President of Argentina 1686-1874. Fought against ignorance, chieftains, and dictatorship.

Question 24

Rubén Darío

Answer 24

Nicaraguan writer. Modernism. Poetry searching for ideal beauty. Social problems of materialism. Used meter and rhythms that transofmred poetry.

Question 25

José Martí

Answer 25

Cuban writer and politician. Modernism. Hero of Cuban independence, fought against the Spaniards. Main message was freedom and liberalism.

Question 26

Octavio Paz

Answer 26

Mexican poet and essayist. Nobel Prize for Literature 1990. Wrote about loneliness and existential restlessness. Very unique writing style.

Question 27

Pablo Neruda

Answer 27

Chilean poet. Marxist convictions. Identified with victims of wars, social injustice, tyranny. Celebrate nature and the American man. Nobel Prize for Literature 1971.

Question 28

José de San Martín

Answer 28

Argentinian general, liberator of Argentina and Chile. Organized the army of Andes. Unified several independence movements (argentina, chile, peru)

Question 29

Cristóbal Colón

Answer 29

Christopher Columbus. Pinta, Nina, Santa María. 1492 New World.

Question 30

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Answer 30

Mexican priest and patriot. Father of Mexico. "the cry of dolores" started the Mexican war of independence. Ended slavery and fought for rights of indigenous peoples of MX. Established nat'l gov't, then realists executed him.

Question 31

Simón Bolívar

Answer 31

Liberator of Venezuela, helped Peru and Bolivia to independence. Writer. Wrote constitution for the Republic of Bolivia

Question 32

Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz

Answer 32

Most important American author of lyric poetry. Lived in Mexico. Wrote about disadvantages of being a woman. Nun. Hid from world and love.

Question 33

Hernán Cortés

Answer 33

Spanish conquistador, founded La Espanola (Dom Rep and Haiti). Conquered Cuba. "Conquerer of the Aztecs", responsible for abuse of native people in the north of the country.

Question 34

General Francisco Franco

Answer 34

Campaigned against Republican gov't, divded Spain. Established absolute dictatorship that was supported by the church and by the army. Oppression, lack of freedom, fidelity to Catholic church. Died as dictator in 1975.

Question 35

Miguel de Unamuno

Answer 35

Spanish author. Message was that Spain needed to abandon its traditions and integrate with Europe.

Question 36

Benito Pérez Galdós

Answer 36

Spanish author. Realist novels, dramas, chronicles. Historic novels of magical realism. Wrote to find origin of Spanish revolution.

Question 37

Emilia Pardo Bazán

Answer 37

"the Countess", novelist. Introduced naturalism in Spain. Deal with life and customs of Galicia. Studies human condition.

Question 38

Federico García Lorca

Answer 38

wrote ddramatic pieces, poetry, and theater. Super-realist. Separate worlds between reality and fantasy. Assassinated when Spanish Civil War started.

Question 39

Alfonso X/Alfonso el Sabio

Answer 39

king of Castilla-León from 1252 to 1284. Decided to use Castilian as official language of his kingdom.