People Flashcards
Philipp Spener (17-18th c.)
- Father of Pietism
- Lutheran pastor (Frankfurt)
- “Colleges of piety” (1670)
- Reforming the Lutheran Church
- Get back to the Bible
- Focus on conveying Jesus
- Spoke a lot about doctrine
- Wrote Pia Desideria (1675)
- Supported Lutheran Doctrine
- Doctrine = not substitute for personal faith
August Francke (17-18th c.)
-Pietism
-Professor at Halle University
•Spener’s disciple
•Lived everyday as if it were his last
•Morning and evening prayers
-Started an orphanage
-“Admonition to the Twelve students traveling to Lapland (1722)”
-Focus on
•Joy of the Christian Life
•Holy living before God
•Focus on what God said not doctrine
•Prayer
•Total reliance on God
Never ask for $$
•Pietas Hallensis: 22 answered prayers
•Social Reform
Bartholomaus Ziegenbalg (17-18th c.)
-Pietism
-Missionary with Heinrich Plutschau
-Students at Halle
-Missionaries to India
1) 200 yrs after Reformation
2) Tranquebar, India
3) Mission Philosophy
~Personal conversion, Cultural worldview, National ministry, Church and school, Bible translation
-Grew up thinking about suffering, pain, death
-Translated NT to Indian language
-Became a historian
Count Nicholas Ludwig von Zinzendorf (17-18th c.)
-Founded Moravianism
-Lutheran Pietist roots
~Godson of Spener
~Studied under Francke at Halle U.
~Influenced by Francke, Ziegenbalg and Plutchau
~“Order of the Grain of Mustard Seed” (4x students)
-21→ Holy Spirit→ what are you doing with your life?
-Died in 1760
~28 yrs of mission
226 missionaries, 10 countries, 49 male/ 17 female missionaries, Ministering to 6000+ people
John and Charles Wesley (18th c.)
- Methodists
- Parents: Samuel and Susanna Wesley
- Father and grandfather were Anglican priests
- Raised 19children: religious and moral instruction
- Miracle: 5yrs. Old saved from a fire
John Wesley
• Founder of English Methodism
• Failed as a pastor
• Dated Sophia
• Doctrine: Arminian (though closer to Pietist semi-Augustinianism than to Dutch Arminianism)
• Legacy: Methodist church
• Loved order, calm and structure, wanted to preach in the churches (upset he couldn’t do it)
• Worried about response to his preaching
• 40,000 sermons
o Founder of English Methodism
• Center of Worship = communion
• “Societies” = private homes / own buildings
• “Classes” = 11 members + leader / meet weekly/ pray, read Scripture/ women involved
Charles Wesley
-Singing theology
-5/21/1738: gave life to Christ
-Peace with God
-7000 hymns
“And Can It Be”
•Gift of grace/ God would intervene/ bold approach, know he’s saved
“O for a Thousand Tongues to Sing”
“O for a Heart to Praise My God”
“Lo He comes with Clouds Descending”
George Whitefield (18th c.)
o Doctrine: Calvinist o Legacy: Calvinistic Methodists: influence on Evangelical Party in Church of England -"The Almost Christian" sermon o Very emotional, dynamic, and preached in the open o Traveling preacher o Preach: repentance to God • 60hr/week • 1000xper yr for 30rs • 18000 sermons • 12000 talks • No vacations- 13 trips to England; 8-10 weeks; preached each day • Society Hill, PA
Impact of Whitefield’s preaching
- Audience: multi-denominational, multi-gender, multi-social status (slave and free)
- Individuals: Jonathan Edwards, William Wilberforce (aunt and uncle friends), Benjamin Franklin (friend)
- Nation: 80% population – heard at least once, sense of commonality and; oneness, “The Wonder of the Age” – William Cooper (W = 29yrs old)
George Fox (17th c.)
o Founder of Quakerism o Be valiant for the truth o Pendle Hill • Received a vision of “a great people to be gathered” • May 1652 o Firbank Fell • Fox’s Pulpit • His vision came to pass • Over 1000 people came • Denied access to the pulpit of the chapel • “Valiant Sixty”
Content of Fox’s message
- Steeple houses are no more holy than a mountain
- Christ is come, putting an end to temples, priests and tithes
- Christ seeks to be people’s shepherd, bishop and prophet, making their bodies God’s temple
- The age of apostasy is over; the day of the apostles is returned
- The priests are not in the Spirit of the Scriptures who gave them forth, but “make a trade of their words” chapter-and-versing instead of attending the spiritual meaning of their content
- They are like false prophets which Christ and the apostles cried against
- Therefore, people must be turned from the spirit of darkness to the Spirit of light, becoming children of Light and being led into “the truth of the prophets, “Christ’s and the apostles’” words”
William Penn (17th -18th c.)
o A famous Quaker
o Treaty with Native Americans
o Never broken/ never sworn
o “champion of liberty”
o Son of Admiral of England’s Navy
o Heard Thomas Loe as a youth in Cork, Ireland
o Heard him again as a young adult and was “convinced”
o Was expelled from Oxford for meeting for prayer and refusal to declare loyalty oath
o Was greanted Pennsylvania, and came to America to set up the “Holy Experiment”
George Müller (19th c.)
- Pietist
- started many orphanages
- Bristol, England
- Just presented requests to God
- Wild youth → invited to Bible study @ Halle
- Built house out of faith
- Contemporary of Charles Dickens
Samuel Ajayi Crowther (19th c.)
o First African Anglican priest
o Member of the Yoruba people of northern Nigeria
o He co-founded the Niger Mission which was an African staffed missionary organization to the African interior
o Samuel was sold as a slave to Portuguese merchants
o Samuel was rescued from slavery and taken to the free land of Sierra Leone
Jonathan Edwards (18th c.)
Northampton, Massachusetts
o Calvinist (Yale)
o Congregationalist
“Sinner in the Hands of an Angry God”
o Preaching = average results o Hated emotionalism o 1734-1735: Spiritual Awakening o Important personal religious experience o Strong response • Wept in repentance • Shouted in joy • Changes in people’s lives • Overwhelmed-fainted o Chain reaction o Focused on doctrine and rational worship
