People

Question 1

J.C. Bach

Answer 1

"London Bach"
Youngest son of J.S. Bach
Unlike other Bach's, J.C. composed operas as well.
Influenced Mozart
Sturm und Drang
Galant
Empfindsamkeit

Question 2

Benda

Answer 2

Franz Benda
Served at the court of Frederick the Great in Berlin.
Respected Violinist
Sturm und Drang
Galant
Empfindsamkeit

Question 3

Stamitz

Answer 3

Director of Instrumental Music for the Mannheim Court. Developed many “Mannheim” techniques

Question 4

Stamitz: Mannheim School

Answer 4

Stamitz demanded much from his musicians. So much that the Mannheim orchestra became the largest and finest in Europe. Discipline lying at the heart of the orchestra’s success.

Question 5

Stamitz: Mannheim Orchestra Techniques

Answer 5

“Mannheim Sigh” - gentle downward movement from note to note imitating sigh.
“Mannheim Rocket” - a fast ascending scale
“Mannheim Roll” - a fast tremolo over a given passage of notes.
Dramatic crescendos
Gaps of silence

Question 6

Gluck

Answer 6

Reformed Opera

Self taught composer

Question 7

Gluck: Reforms

Answer 7

Removed excess bureaucracy
Forbid singers from singing “what they wanted”
Master at expressing human emotions through music and drama equilibrium.

Question 8

Haydn: Dates of Life

Answer 8

Born in a small town in Austria 1732-1809

Question 9

Haydn: Youth

Answer 9

Studied with his uncle
Choirboy at St. Stephen’s Cathedral - Vienna
Worked on Various courts before Esterhazy

Question 10

Haydn: Prince Esterhazy

Answer 10

Worked for the Esterhazy Family on the court orchestra
Wrote compositions for Prince Nicholas Esterhazy to perform on the “Baryton”
Eventually became head of music for the Esterhazy court

Question 11

Haydn: “Surprise” and “Farewell” symphonies

Answer 11

“Surprise” - Used change of key center to confuse audience. Asked string players to mistune a string to have the same effect.
“Farewell” - Typical three part sonata. The music started fast but began to slow down. Then every few measures a musician would get up and leave the room. Soon, only two violins were left who would finish the piece

Question 12

Mozart: Dates of Life

Answer 12

1756-1791

Question 13

Mozart: Childhood

Answer 13

Performing pianist at 3.
First compositions at 5.
First symphony at 9.
First opera at 12.

Question 14

Mozart: Early employment

Answer 14

Traveled Europe performing for various heads of state
Worked at the Salzburg Court, asked for dismissal
Went to Mannheim, received commission
Returned to Salzburg

Question 15

Mozart: Leopold Mozart

Answer 15

Abandoned his musical career to take his son and daughter around europe for performances.
Stayed in salzburg when Mozart abandoned the court and went to Mannheim.

Question 16

Mozart: Composer Influences?

Answer 16

J.C. Bach
Haydn
Marini
G.B. Sammartini

Question 17

Mozart: Late Works

Answer 17

Clarinet Concerto in A Major
Partially completed Requeim
Operas:
Die Zauberflote
La Clemenza di Tito

Question 18

Mozart: Financial Circumstances

Answer 18

Mozart did not make money because he spent all of it. He often held “subscription” concerts where he would take the proceeds from the ticket sales.

Question 19

Beethoven: Youth

Answer 19

Showed an early talent for music, attached to court in Bonn, Germany.
Because he was not succeeding as quickly as his father would like, his Father would “beat” him to encourage him to study harder

Question 20

Beethoven: Career

Answer 20

Played solo piano recitals
Accompanied other musicians in concert
Taught music to wealthy students
Spent rest of his life in Vienna

Question 21

Beethoven: Heiligenstadt Testament

Answer 21

He was depressed about the fact that he was losing his hearing. He withdrew from society and accepted death with open arms

Question 22

Beethoven: Eroica Symphony

Answer 22

(Hero Symphony)
Originally dedicated to Napoleon Bonaparte
Twice as long as any symphony that came before it
Full of dramatic outbursts
Replace the third movement and trio with faster and more complex scherzo.