People

Question 1

Music and the Greeks

Answer 1

Little is known.

Question 2

Anonymous

Answer 2

Middle Ages
Most gregorian chants were written by church composers whom did not name themselves as composers. Therefore, these pieces have anonymous composers.

Question 3

Pope Gregory

Answer 3

Middle Ages
(540-604) Declared that music should preserve chants (music) my developing a system of musical notation.

Question 4

Hildegard

Answer 4

Middle Ages

Tenth child of noble family promised to a church, Rupertsberg, Germany. “O lucidissima Apostolorum turba”

Question 5

Leonin/Perotin

Answer 5

Middle Ages

First composers of polyphonic music at the Notre Dame Cathedral. Used cantus firmus, organum, and motets.

Question 6

Machaut

Answer 6

Middle Ages
Referred as the most important composer of the fourteenth century. “Bridge” into the renaissance. Composed both sacred and secular.

Question 7

Dufay

Answer 7

Renaissance
Burgundian (France). Early renaissance composer in sacred and secular works. Used faux bourdon (false bass)

Question 8

Josquin

Answer 8

Renaissance
Singled out as the master of the renaissance period. Started to alter the use of cantus firmus to include it in all of his polyphonic lines.

Question 9

Palestrina

Answer 9

Renaissance
Wrote “Missa Pape Marcelli”
Composed music for the Catholic Church. Is credited with “saving” polyphonic music in the church though he did not actually do this. Had little to do with Council of Trent.

Question 10

Byrd

Answer 10

Renaissance
Composed for the Catholic Church until the Anglican split. Then composed for the Anglican Church. His catholic compositions avoid the use of cantus firmus.

Question 11

Martin Luther

Answer 11

Renaissance

Wrote 95 Theses and nailed them to church door. Lead protestant reformation. Was exiled from catholic church.

Question 12

Gabrieli

Answer 12

Renaissance
Music Master at St. Mark’s Cathedral in Venice. Composed music in a “call and response” style. First to designate instruments to be used, and dynamics.

Question 13

Isaac

Answer 13

Renaissance

Flemish composer whom spent most time in Austria and Italy. Often compared to Josquin.

Question 14

Gesualdo

Answer 14

Renaissance
“bad boy” of late renaissance. Wrote madrigals about love and loss. Caught his wife in an affair, killed her and lover. Master of Text Painting

Question 15

Tomkins, Morley, Weelkes

Answer 15

Renaissance
“the three Toms”
Composed lighter english madrigals. Lighter in musical tone and poetic substance. Made use of “nonsense” syllables like fa la la.

Question 16

Caccini

Answer 16

Baroque
Member of the “Florentine Camerata”, an informal group of writers, artists, and musicians. Created first operas in an attempt to revive Greek music/drama. Developed figured bass, recitative singing.

Question 17

Monteverdi

Answer 17

Baroque
His compositions bridge the renaissance and baroque period. Added more instruments and polyphony to the opera scene. Used basso continuo and monody.

Question 18

Purcell

Answer 18

Baroque
Last greatest english composer until the twentieth century. Worked as organist at Westminster Abbey. Master of writing music over a ground bass.

Question 19

Corelli

Answer 19

Baroque
Violin composer and performer. “master” of modern violin technique. Developed new “double stop” techniques. Used the “italian overture” in his operas.

Question 20

Lully

Answer 20

Baroque

French composer from Italy, killed himself with baton. Made use of the “French Overture”.

Question 21

J.S. Bach

Answer 21

Baroque
Prolific improvisational organist known as the greatest composer of the Baroque era. Did not compose opera. Was not famous during his life, however after.

Question 22

Handel

Answer 22

Baroque
Wrote “John Gay/Beggar’s Opera”
“Cosmopolitan” of the Baroque era. Wrote pieces of music based on public favor… Was much more famous than Bach at the time. Very popular in the London musical scene.