People Flashcards
what are functions?
the different types of work that needs to be done in business
what are human resources?
the workers employed by a business
what is the definition of identifying human resource needs?
the act of thinking about the purposes of human resources and how many and what types of workers will be needed
what is the definition of a personnel plan?
a plan detailing the employees a business needs - how many, full or part time, skills
what is the definition of a organisation structure?
how people and departments are arranged within a business
what is a tall organisational structure?
a structure that has many layers of staff from top to bottom
what is a flat organisational structure?
a structure that only has a few layers
what are the advantages of a tall structure?
there are clear lines of communication, managers tend to have few people that they are responsible for, opportunities for promotion which increases motivation
what are the advantages of a flat structure?
managers tend to delegate responsibilities to the workers they are responsible for, workers are likely to talk to a wide range of colleagues
what are the disadvantages of a tall structure?
subordinates may feel like they are too controlled by their line manager, workers may only talk to immediate colleagues
what are the disadvantages of a flat structure?
not always clear lines of communication, managers may have a large number of workers to oversee, few promotion opportunities
what is the suitability of a tall structure?
large organisations, non-creative businesses
what is the suitability of a flat structure?
creative businesses, smaller businesses
what is a organisation chart?
a diagram that shows how the workers are organised in a business and who is in charge of whom
what is the definition of authority?
the power that one person has to make decisions and to give instructions to those workers they are in charge of
what is the definition of subordinates?
workers that a line manager is responsible for
what is the definition of delegation?
a process where a manager gives a subordinate responsibility to make a certain decision
what is the definition of chain of command?
the link in authority from those at the top to those at the bottom
what is the definition of span of control?
the number of subordinates that a manager has authority over
what is the definition of flexible working?
the practice of people working partly at their place of work and partly elsewhere
what is the definition of full time working?
when a person works more that 35 hours or more per week
what is the definition of part time working?
when a person works fewer that 35 hours per week
what is the definition of self employed?
when people work in their own business
what is the definition of temporary working?
when a person only works for a short period of time
what is the definition of working from home?
when a person completes work for a business in their home
what is the definition of working while mobile?
when people work when they are the move
advantages and disadvantages to the business of full time working?
the worker is permanently available, may have to pay the worker at a time where no work needs to be done
advantages and disadvantages to the business of part-time working?
the worker can be asked to work at specific times needed by the business
advantages and disadvantages to the business of flexible working?
motivated workers who like the flexibility of when they will work, the worker may not be available to work when needed by the business
advantages and disadvantages to the business of temporary working?
only needs to employ workers for the length of time they need them, may find it difficult to recruit enough workers at times when they are needed
advantages and disadvantages to the business of working from home?
save costs by not having to provide an office, workers may nor communicate very well with each other
advantages and disadvantages to the business of working while mobile?
increased productivity from the worker, may not be able to monitor that the worker is working as much as they should
advantages and disadvantages to the business of self employment?
do not need to pay national insurance or pension contributions, the self employed person may not work in the way the that the business’ own employees are trained to
advantages and disadvantages to the worker of full time working?
worker is payed for a full working week, tied to working a full working week throughout the year
advantages and disadvantages to the worker of part-time working?
work when is suited for them, worker will only get payed for the amount of hours they work
advantages and disadvantages to the worker of flexible working?
work at times that suit them, may not be offered as much work as they want
advantages and disadvantages to the worker of temporary working?
can work and earn for a period and then have time to do other things, may find there are times of the year when there is no work for them
advantages and disadvantages to the worker of working from home?
saves time and money by not travelling, distrations at home
advantages and disadvantages to the worker of working while mobile?
can make full use of their time, may feel under pressure to work a lot
advantages and disadvantages to the worker of self-employment?
may like being in control, less job security
what are the three methods of verbal/ spoken communication?
phone, meeting, presentation
what are the five methods of non-verbal/ written communication?
letter, email, text, social media, websites
what are the advantages and disadvantages of communicating by phone?
good for discussion of ideas or problems and making arrangements, no record of the discussion
what are the advantages and disadvantages of communicating by meeting?
good way to exchange ideas, can take time to arrange, may be expensive to get people together
what are the advantages and disadvantages of communication by presentations?
speaker has time to prepare and possible to ask questions, a lot of listeners and hard to check they all understand, presentations take time and money to arrange
what are the advantages and disadvantages of communication by letter?
provides a record of the communication, it takes time for letters sent in the post to be delivered
what are the advantages and disadvantages of communication by email?
fast method, a person may not check their emails or could get lost in spam
what are the advantages and disadvantages of communication by text?
very fast method that could include lots of people, not good for discussing ideas and only limited information can be given
what are the advantages and disadvantages of communication by social media?
message can be sent to selected groups or in bulk to large numbers cheaply, its not always easy to judge how successful the message has been
what are the advantages and disadvantages of communication by websites?
it saves money because information doesn’t need to be printed and posted, customers cannot view the goods
what is the definition of communication?
the transmitter of a message from a sender to a receiver through a mean of communication
what is the definition of verbal communication?
communicating by speaking
what is the definition of written communication?
communication by written words
what is the definition of feedback?
the response made by the person who received a communication which indicates whether they have understood the communication
what is the importance of marketing communication?
research needs to be done to find out what customers want, telling customers about the goods or services
what is the importance of communications about finance?
the business may need to communicate with a bank for a loan, payment records
what is the importance of business operations finance?
the production team will need to know how many goods to make, will need to discuss problems about quality
what is the importance of business operations communications?
the production team will need to know how many goods to make, will need to discuss problems about quality
what is the importance of communications with government?
will need to know the government rules and regulations
what is the importance of communications about human resources?
workers need to recruited and appraised, problems between workers need to be resolved
what is the definition of digital communication?
the electronic exchange of information using ICT
the effects of digital communications on marketing?
businesses can sell online which means they do not need to run expensive shops or they have fewer shops or offices
the effects of digital communications on human resources?
working while mobile has become easier and is now more widely used, its easier for businesses to recruit
the effects of digital communications on operations?
production has become highly automated with the use of computer-controlled robots. fewer workers are needed in manufacturing, reducing costs
what is analysing human resource needs?
when an organisation decides how many and what type of workers it should employ?
what is a skills gap?
when a business recruits skilled workers because it is short of them
what are the 4 reasons why businesses recruit?
to start a business, when a business grows, to fill s skills gap, to replace employees who leave
what is the definition of external methods of recruitment?
includes websites, newspapers, social media and specialist magazines (someone outside of the business)
what is the definition of internal methods of recruitment?
includes notice boards, word of mouth, company websites and emails to staff (inside of the business)
what is a job description?
a list of the main duties, tasks and responsibilities of a worker
what is a person specification?
a list of the qualities , qualifications, and knowledge that a person should have to do a particular job
what are the advantages of internal recruitment?
it is cheaper to advertise, quicker, already know the workers strengths and weaknesses
what are the advantages of external recruitment?
it can fill a skills gap, new ideas, it saves having to recruit someone to replace a worker promoted internally
what does selection mean?
the process of choosing between applicants for a job
what are the seven methods of selection?
letter of application, CV, interview, group activities, reference, tests and presentations, application form
what is a letter of application?
an applicant uses this to explain why they think they are suitable for the job
what is a CV?
a summary of the personal details, qualifications and experience of the applicant
what is an interview?
the business representative asks questions of the applicant
what are group activities?
applicants work together on a task
what is a reference?
a statement from a previous employer to give information about work done by an applicant and how well they did their job
what are tests and presentation?
the applicants ability for a specific skill can be tested
what is an application form?
the firm can specify the information it needs and all applicants will need to complete a form
what is a bonus?
an additional payment to workers for achieving a target
what are fringe benefits?
additional benefits that workers may receive in addition to their pay
what is motivation?
encouragement given to workers to work well
what does profit sharing mean?
when workers receive some of the profits made by a business
what are four financial methods of motivation?
pay, bonus, fringe-benefits, profit sharing
what is an award scheme?
a presentation to recognise an individual worker or teams effort and achievement
what is praise and how does it motivate workers?
workers are thanked and praised for the work they have done, it makes workers feel appreciated and valued
what are the advantages and disadvantages to praise?
it doesn’t cost the business anything, workers may not feel like they are truly valued over time
what is praise suitable for?
all workers as everyone likes to feel appreciated
what is an award scheme and how does it motivate workers?
workers are presented with rewards for their work, makes workers feel valued
what are the advantages and disadvantages to an award scheme?
not everything is expensive, need to be given fairly or workers who do not receive an award may be upset
what is an award scheme suitable for?
all workers
what is a working environment and how does it motivate workers?
improving the workspace, makes the workers feel looked after
what are the advantages and disadvantages to improving the working environment?
workers feel valued, expensive
what is improving the working environment suitable for?
most workers
what does labour turnover mean?
A measure of the number or proportion of staff who leave an organisation each year
what does retention mean?
when workers choose to stay employed in a business rather than leaving
what is the definition of induction?
training to introduce new worker to an organisation
what is the definition of off-the-job training?
occurs away from the job.
what is the definition of on-the-job training?
occurs at the place of work and while the worker is doing their job
what are the advantages of on-the-job training?
it is specific to the individual, saves on the cost, the worker produced something as he or she trains
what are the disadvantages of on-the-job training?
the worker may not obtain qualification as a result of the training, it is not easy to train a group of trainees
what is the definition of training?
short-term instruction that focuses on helping a worker to do their job properly
what are the 5 types of off the job training?
lectures, demonstrations, team building activities, reading, role play or stimulation
what are the advantages of off-the-job training?
given by experts, the worker can feel valued because the business is paying for the training
what are the disadvantages of off-the-job training?
can be expensive, not specific to the business
what is the definition of productivity?
a measure of output per worker, which can be used to measure the performance of the worker
what is an apprenticeship?
a long-term development programme for workers to learn job skills while they work
what is a professional development?
involves developing the long-term potential of workers
what is staff development?
includes apprenticeships and professional development programmes
what are the benefits to employees of staff development?
staff develop skills, staff may receive promotion , staff are paid while they develop now skills
what are the benefits to a business of staff development?
can help overcome skills shortage, can motivate workers, improve staff retention
what is a contract of employment?
a legal agreement between an employer and an employee
what is discrimination?
treating one worker differently to another for no acceptable reason
what is employment law?
regulations and rules put in place to protect workers from employers who may treat them unfairly
what is statement of employment particulars?
part of a contract of employment, it gives details of the terms of employment
