Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Environmental Geology > PEO 2 Lecture Cards - Volcanoes > Flashcards

PEO 2 Lecture Cards - Volcanoes Flashcards

1
Q

Thee types of material are erupted through volcanoes, what kind flows onto the surface?

A

Lava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Three types of material are erupted through volcanoes, what kind ejects into the air?

A

Tephra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Three types of material are erupted through volcanoes, what kind are gases?

A

Volatiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The compositions of lava range from _____ to _____ [silicic].

A

Mafic (Fe-, Mg-rich); Felsic (Fe-, Mg-poor).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The composition of lava ranges from mafic (Fe-, Mg-rich) to felsic [silicic] (Fe-, Mg-poor); that is, they have varying _____ content, and _____ content. They also have different _____ content.

A

Silica; cation; volatile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are fragments blown out of a volcanoes, including nuee ardentes?

A

Pyroclastic debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define lava flows.

A

Liquid to semi-solid material that flows before solidifying.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Silica-rich lava is _____ or (_____).

A

Silicic; rhyolitic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Silica-rich lava is silicic or (_____).

A

Rhyolitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lava with intermediate lava is _____ (or _____)

A

Intermediate; andesitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lava with intermediate lava is intermediate (or _____)

A

Andesitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Silica-poor lava is _____ (or _____)

A

Mafic; basaltic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Silica-poor lava is mafic (or _____)

A

Basaltic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Silica-poor lava is _____ (or basaltic).

A

Mafic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Match the lava composition to its volatiles: Rhyolite

A

Very high (low temp.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Match the lava composition to its volatiles: Dacite

A

High

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Match the lava composition to its volatiles: Andesite

A

Medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Match the lava composition to its volatiles: Basalt

A

Low (high temp.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

At equivalent temperatures, lava with _____ silica content flows more easily than lava with _____ silica content.

A

Lesser; greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What two gasses to volcanoes release the most?

A

H2O; CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What percentage of magma are gases?

A

1-9%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What lava has low silica content, can flow rapidly (up to 100km/hr), has lava flows that can travel great distances (up to 200km from the vent, 10s of km wide)

A

Basaltic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Surface texture of a basaltic lava flow reflects the _____ of the lava.

A

Temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are hot flows that flow rapidly and have low viscosity?

A

Pahoehoe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define Pahoehoe

A

How flows that flow rapidly and have low viscosity.

26
Q

What is a bubbling texture in cooled lava called?

A

Vesicular texture

27
Q

Cooling of a thick lava flow that has stopped flowing may result in contraction that causes the rock to fracture into roughly hexagonal columns, this texture is referred to as _____.

A

Columnar joining

28
Q

What is it called when the lava erupts under water?

A

Pillow lava

29
Q

What is pillow lava?

A

Lava that erupts under water

30
Q

What lava has a moderate silica content and lower temperature than basaltic lava flows resulting in: greater viscosity than basaltic lava flows, not flowing very far, often forming large mounds above the vent, and flow very slowly (1-5m/day)?

A

Andesitic lava

31
Q

What lava is the most viscous of the lava compositions, contains the most silica, and as a result often forms lava domes above the vent, and sometimes lava freezes while still in the vent?

A

Rhyolitic lava

32
Q

_____ eruptions occur when magma and ground water, or seawater mix, and steam pressure blasts the volcano apart.

A

Phreatic

33
Q

Ash glass shards, cinders and bombs, and lapili are examples of what?

A

Pyroclastics

34
Q

Examples of pyroclastics would be…?

A

Ash glass shards, cinders and bombs, and lapili

35
Q

What are deposits of pyroclastic debris?

A

Tephra

36
Q

Tuff and welded tuff are _____, with or without _____.

A

Lithified ash; lapilli

37
Q

What volcanoes have low-viscosity lava flows?

A

Shield

38
Q

What volcanoes have gently sloping flanks, between 2 degrees and 10 degrees?

A

Shield

39
Q

What volcanoes tend to be very large?

A

Shield

40
Q

What volcanoes have low silica magma? (Mafic, Basalt)

A

Shield

41
Q

What kind of volcano is the largest volcano in the solar system?

A

Shield

42
Q

What is a cinder cone?

A

Formed of pyroclastics only, steep sides (up to 30 degrees), relatively small, short duration of activity

43
Q

What are cinder cones formed up of only?

A

Pyroclastics

44
Q

What is a volcanic dome?

A

Form above the volcanic vent, viscous lava (usually silica-rich, or cool, magma), associated with violent eruptions.

45
Q

What are stratovolcanoes also called?

A

Composite volcanoes

46
Q

What are composite volcanoes also called?

A

Stratovolcanoes

47
Q

What kind of volcano has alternating pyroclastic layers and lava flows?

A

Composite volcanoes/stratovolcanoes

48
Q

What kind of volcano has slopes intermediate in steepness?

A

Composite volcanoes/stratovolcanoes

49
Q

What kind of volcano has intermittent eruptions over a long time span?

A

Composite volcanoes/stratovolcanoes

50
Q

What kind of volcano has mostly andesite pyroclastics and basalt lava?

A

Composite volcanoes/stratovolcanoes

51
Q

What kind of volcano has the tallest mountains over sea level?

A

Composite volcanoes/stratovolcanoes

52
Q

What kind of volcano makes up the Circum-Pacific belt (the Ring of Fire) and the Mediterranean belt?

A

Composite volcanoes/stratovolcanoes

53
Q

Define lahars

A

Volcanic mudflows

54
Q

What are volcanic mudflows?

A

Lahars

55
Q

What is a caldera?

A

A collapsed feature at the top of a volcano, produced after an eruption, may have younger domes within it

56
Q

What volcano feature has a collapsed feature at the top of the volcano, is produced after an eruption, and may have younger domes within it?

A

Caldera

57
Q

What happens during fissure eruptions?

A

Low-viscosity lava is erupted from cracks in the Earth that may be up to tens of kilometers long.

58
Q

Volcano type is linked to _____.

A

Tectonic setting

59
Q

Lava flows, gas, ash fall, pyroclastic flows, lahars (mudflows), and tsunamis are examples of what?

A

Volcanic hazards

60
Q

What is a volcanic mudflow/lahar?

A

A mixture of water and pyroclastic material in a concrete-like slurry capable of moving at up to 100km/hr

61
Q

What gas at Lake Nyos (Cameroon) killed ~1,700 people and many sheep in 1984?

A

CO2

62
Q

What volcano had the largest amount of cubic miles of ejecta?

A

Tambora (1815)

Environmental Geology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions