Penis and prepuce Flashcards
According to Bertran 2021 in Vet Surg, augmentation of a penile urethral resection and anastomosis with suturing of what structure resulted in increased maximal tensile strength?
Augmentation of the anastomosis with suturing of the tunica albuginea
In a study by Vlaming 2019 in Vet Surg, what are the two described types of phimosis in kittens and what respective surgical treatments were used for correction?
In a study by Ritson 2023 in JSAP, what was the outcome for nine dogs undergoing partial penile amputation? For what conditions was this procedure performed?
Good to excellent (2 dogs required revision surgery).
This procedure was performed for prepucial neoplasia, distal penile neoplasia, idiopathic paraphimosis, and chronic urethritis.
What attaches the root of the penis to the ischial tuberosity?
The crura composed of the proximal corpora cavernosum and ischiocavernosus muscle.
The corpora of the penis are comprised of what?
Enlarged venous spaces.
The distal portion of the penis is divided into what two parts?
The proximal bulbus glandis, distal pars longa glandis separated by a fibrous septum.
Describe the perineal musculature of the dog.
What are the four extrinsic muscles of the penis?
The retractor penis, ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, ischiourethralis.
What is the vascular supply to the penis?
Three branches of the artery of the penis which is a continuation of the internal pudendal artery; the artery of the bulb of the penis, deep penile and dorsal penile arteries.
Venous drainage occurs via the internal and external pudendal veins.
Where do penile lymphatics drain?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
In what percentage of male cats is the os penis visible radiographically?
40%
At what age do spines appear on the feline penis?
12 weeks of age
What is the blood supply to the prepuce?
The dorsal artery of the penis and the external pudendal artery. Venous drainage mirrors arterial supply + the deep veins of the glans.
Which breed is most frequently affected by hypospadias?
Boston Terriers.
What is the cause of hypospadias?
Failure of fusion of the urogenital folds. Urethral orifice can occur anywhere on the ventral aspect of the penis. Generally associated with failure of fusion of the prepuce and underdevelopment of the penis.
What is the surgical treatment for hypospadias?
Reconstruction is not normally attempted due to a deficient cranial urethra. Excision of preputial and urethral remnants, bilateral orchiectomy and urethrostomy may be required.
What is the surgical treatment of os penis deformity?
Fracture and straightening or partial penile amputation.
What is the surgical treatment of os penis fracture?
Conservative management, immobilization with a urinary catheter, plating with a finger plate, partial penile amputation. Scrotal urethrostomy may be required if obstruction secondary to callus occurs.
What are the treatment options for penile wounds?
Minor wounds: conservative topical treatment.
Major wounds: direct ligation of arterial bleeding or suturing of the tunica albuginea for cavernous bleeding.
Urethral damage: catheterization (5-7 days), if urethra is transected anastomosis should be performed (with catheterization for 10 days).
Severe wounds may require partial penile amputation and scrotal urethrostomy.
What is the treatment for penile strangulation?
Minor: topical treatment +/- urinary catheterization.
Major: partial penile amputation +/- prepucial shortening.
Describe the technique for partial penile amputation.
What is the treatment for persistent penile frenulum?
The frenulum should rupture by puberty. If it remains intact it can be surgically severed.
What are some tumours of the penis?
Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT), papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, mastocytoma, hemangiosarcoma, and osteosarcoma of the os penis
Describe the technique of penile amputation.
