Penile Tumors Flashcards
What is the penis?
The penis is the external reproductive organ attached to the pubic arch via suspensory ligaments.
What are the basic structural components of the penis?
The basic structural components of the penis include two corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum.
What is the function of the corpus cavernosa?
The corpus cavernosa consists of a network of collagen fibers and spaces that become enlarged when filled with blood, contributing to an erection.
What is the function of the corpus spongiosum?
The corpus spongiosum consists mostly of a dense venous plexus and contributes to an erection.
Is penile cancer common in the western hemisphere?
No, penile cancer is rare in the western hemisphere.
Where is the incidence of penile cancer higher?
The incidence is higher in some areas of South America, Africa, and Asia, as well as in African American men.
What is the relationship between neonatal circumcision and penile cancer?
The higher incidence in certain regions seems to be related to the absence of the practice of neonatal circumcision.
What factors increase the risk of penile cancer?
The presence of a foreskin and lack of proper hygiene increase risks.
What age group has a higher incidence of penile cancer?
Men aged 58-68 years old have a higher incidence.
What percentage of penile cancer cases are in men under 40?
10% of cases are in men under 40 years old.
What type of cancer is most common in penile cancer?
Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma
What is the primary route of spread for penile cancer?
Inguinal lymph nodes
What percentage of patients present with inguinal lymph node involvement?
30-45%
What percentage of patients with normal lymph nodes have metastatic disease?
20%
Is distant metastasis common in penile cancer?
No, distant metastasis is uncommon.
What are the acute radiation side effects for penile tumors?
Brisk erythema, dry or moist desquamation, swelling of the subcutaneous tissue of the shaft
What are the chronic radiation side effects for penile tumors?
Telangiectasia, fibrosis, lymphedema may occur after inguinal and pelvic radiation
Ulceration or necrosis of glans and shaft skin are rare
