Anatomy Flashcards
What are the principal structures of the male reproductive system?
The principal structures are the testis, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, and penis.
Where are the male reproductive organs located?
All structures, except the testes and penis, are located within the pelvic cavity.
What is the upper border pubis?
The upper border pubis is the palpable upper border of the midline pubic bone.
How easy is it to palpate the upper border pubis?
It is fairly easy to palpate except in extremely obese patients.
What care should be taken when palpating the upper border pubis?
Care should be taken to allow for overlying tissue.
What is the lower border pubis?
The lower border pubis is the palpable lower border of the pubic bone in midline.
How easy is it to palpate the lower border pubis?
It is not as easily palpable as the upper border pubis because it lies more inferiorly and posteriorly.
How can the male reproductive organs be located?
All of these can be accurately located radiographically.
How does a radiation therapist use these components?
The radiation therapist uses these components when setting the anterior border of lateral prostate fields.
Where does the prostate lie in relation to the symphysis pubis?
The prostate lies immediately posterior to the symphysis pubis.
What forms the bony pelvis?
The bony pelvis is formed by the sacrum, coccyx, and two os coxae bones.
What is the sacrum?
The sacrum is a triangular-shaped bone formed by the fusion of five vertebral segments.
What is the sacral promontory?
The sacral promontory is a prominent ridge located on the anterior surface of the first sacral segment, acting as a bony landmark separating the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity.
What do the transverse processes of the sacral segments form?
The transverse processes of the five sacral segments combine to form the lateral mass (ala), which articulates with the os coxae at the sacroiliac joints.
What is the coccyx?
The coccyx is a structure that articulates with the fifth sacral segment and consists of three to five small fused bony segments.
What are the two divisions of the pelvis?
The pelvis is divided into the false or greater pelvis and the true or lesser pelvis.
What defines the boundary between the false pelvis and the true pelvis?
An oblique plane that extends from the upper anterior margin of the sacrum, along the arcuate line, to the upper margin of the pubic symphysis.
What is the pelvic brim?
The boundary line of the oblique plane that delineates the boundaries of the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
What is the region above the pelvic brim called?
The region above the brim is called the false pelvis.
What is the region below the pelvic brim called?
The region below the brim is called the true pelvis.
How can the true pelvis be subdivided?
The true pelvis can be subdivided by the pelvic diaphragm into the main pelvic cavity and the perineum.
What does the pelvic cavity contain?
The pelvic cavity contains the bladder, rectum, and internal reproductive organs.
What shape is the bladder?
The bladder is a pyramid-shaped muscular organ.
Where is the bladder located?
The bladder rests on the pelvic floor, immediately posterior to the symphysis pubis.
How many surfaces does the empty bladder have?
When empty, the bladder has four surfaces: superior, posterior, and two inferolateral.
How many angles does the empty bladder have?
The empty bladder has four angles: anterior, inferior, and two posterolateral.
What covers the superior surface of the bladder?
The superior surface (body) of the bladder is covered by peritoneum.
What is the relationship of the bladder’s superior surface?
The loops of ileum and sigmoid colon rest on the superior surface of the bladder.
What is the posterior surface of the bladder referred to as?
The posterior surface is referred to as the fundus or base of the bladder.
What is closely related to the posterior surface of the bladder in males?
The posterior surface of the bladder is closely related to the rectum in males.
Where is the urinary bladder located?
The urinary bladder is located in the pelvis.
What lies posterior to the symphysis pubis and anterior to the rectum?
The neck of the bladder lies posterior to the symphysis pubis and anterior to the rectum.
What is the triangular area formed by three openings in the floor of the bladder called?
The triangular area is called the trigone.
What creates two of the openings in the trigone of the bladder?
Two of the openings are created by the ureters.
Where is the third opening of the trigone located?
The third opening is located in the apex of the trigone and is formed by the entrance to the urethra.
What is the function of the urethra?
The urethra is a muscular tube that drains urine from the bladder.
What structure does the urethra pass through in both genders?
In both genders, the urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm.
What muscle is responsible for the voluntary closure of the bladder?
The urethral sphincter muscle is responsible for the voluntary closure of the bladder.
What role does the urinary bladder play in the treatment of prostatic cancer?
The urinary bladder is a dose-limiting structure in the treatment of prostatic cancer.
How is the urinary bladder commonly visualized during the simulation process?
It is commonly visualized with contrast agents during the simulation process.
What is the bladder?
The bladder is a hollow organ in the lower pelvis with flexible, muscular walls that can stretch to hold urine and squeeze to send it out of the body.
What is the main job of the bladder?
The bladder’s main job is to store urine.
How is urine transported to the bladder?
Urine is made by the 2 kidneys and then carried to the bladder through 2 tubes called ureters.
What happens when you urinate?
When you urinate, the muscles in the bladder contract, and urine is forced out of the bladder through a tube called the urethra.
Where are the ureteral orifices located?
The bladder has two ureteral orifices located posterior and laterally.
What is the trigone of the bladder?
The area created between the urethra orifice and the two ureteral orifices is called the trigone of the bladder.
Why is the trigone area significant?
The trigone area is the most common area for bladder carcinoma.
