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Antibiotics > Penicillins > Flashcards

Penicillins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of PCN?

A

-Inhibit cell wall synthesis
-Beta-lactam d/t beta lactam rings

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2
Q

Is PCN bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

bactericidal

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3
Q

What is the resistance of pcn?

A

-Gram negative outer membrane
-Penicillinases - beta lactamases
-Altered pcn binding code decreases affinity to PBP ( ex: MRSA)

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4
Q

What is the bacterial genetic code that decreases affinity to PBP?

A

MRSA

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5
Q

Name two narrow spectrum antibiotics of PCN?

A

PCN V and PCN G

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6
Q

What gram is PCN V and PCN G?

A

gram +

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7
Q

What gram + bacteria does PCN V and PCN G have?

A

streptococcus ( group A strep) , Neisseria gonorrhea

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8
Q

Is narrow spectrum PCN V and PCN G penicillinase sensitive?

A

YES

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9
Q

Which PCN is anti-staph?

A

dicloxacillin, nafcillin

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10
Q

Which PCN is penicillinase-resistant?

A

dicloxacillin, nafcillin

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11
Q

What gram is dicloxacillin, nafcillin?

A

Gram + and gram -

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12
Q

Which staph is dicloxacillin, nafcillin?

A

staph aureus

Gram + and gram -

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13
Q

Which PCN is broad spectrum?

A

Aminopenicillins

Ampicillin ( Polycillin)
Amoxicillin (Amoxil)

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14
Q

Uses:
Acute sinusitis
strep pharyngitis
cellulitis
acute otitis media
uncomplicated uti

A

Aminopenicillins

Ampicillin ( Polycillin)
Amoxicillin (Amoxil)

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15
Q

What gram is Aminopenicillins-
Ampicillin ( Polycillin) and Amoxicillin (Amoxil)

A

Gram + and increased gram - activity

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16
Q

who has this bacteria?

Haemophiles (H. flu), E. coli, proteus Mirabellis, enterococcus, Neisseria

A

Ampicillin ( Polycillin) and Amoxicillin (Amoxil)

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17
Q

What is a potential AE for PCN?

A

hives, itching, rash, bronchospasm (anaphylaxis)

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18
Q

What do you ask a patient about pcn allergy?

A

What was the allergic reaction?

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19
Q

What category is pcn?

A

category B

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20
Q

which pcn is extended spectrum?

A

piperacillin (Zosyn)

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21
Q

where is piperacillin ( Zosyn) given?

A

acute care IV

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22
Q

which antibiotic is antipseudomonal?

A

piperacillin (Zosyn)

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23
Q

uses:
pyelonephritis, cellulitis, pneumonia

A

piperacillin (Zosyn)

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24
Q

who has this bacteria?

proteus Mirabellis, enterococcus, Neisseria, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter

A

piperacillin (Zosyn)

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25
Q

what is the step up antibiotic?

A

amoxicillin/ clavulanic (Augmentin) and
ampicillin/sulbactam (UNASYN)

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26
Q

what is combined with beta lactamase inhibitor?

A

amoxicillin/ clavulanic (Augmentin) and
ampicillin/sulbactam (UNASYN)

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27
Q

why is amoxicillin/ clavulanic (Augmentin) and
ampicillin/sulbactam (UNASYN) used?

A

to combat resistance

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28
Q

What MOA is tetracycline?

A

-inhibit BACTERIAL protein synthesis
-Bacteriastatic

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29
Q

is tetracycline bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

bacteriostatic

30
Q

what gram spectrum is tetracycline?

A

gram + and gram - and atypical

31
Q

what are the names of antibiotics for tetracycline?

A

Tetracycline
Doxycycline (vibramycin)(vibramycin)
minocycline (minocin)

32
Q

what does the pt avoid while taking tetracycline?

A

dairy, ca, mg, antacids, iron supplements

33
Q

what serious Ae does tetracycline have?

A

permanent teeth staining and photosensitivity.

34
Q

what are the drug-drug interactions does tetracycline? have?

A

COC
anticoagulants
digoxin
theophylline

35
Q

what uses are for tetracycline?

A

respiratory infections
skin infections (acne)
PID
Lyme disease
CA-MRSA

36
Q

what antibiotic does a person with Lyme disease take?

A

Doxycycline (Vibramycin)

37
Q

how is the antibiotic tetracycline administered?

A

PO

38
Q

how is Doxycycline (Vibramycin) administered?

A

PO, IV

39
Q

How is minocycline (minocin) administered?

A

PO

40
Q

what antibiotic does someone with acne take?

A

tetracycline

41
Q

what spectrum is tetracycline?

A

broad spectrum

42
Q

what is contraindicated in tetracyclines?

A

pregnancy/lactating women and children under 8 yo

43
Q

what MOA is macroslides?

A

inhibit bacterial PROTEIN synthesis

bacteriostatic

44
Q

what activity is macroslides?

A

gram +
gram -
Atypicals

45
Q

what are the antibiotics of macroslides?

A

-erythromycin (prototype)
-Azithromycin (Zithromax)
-Clarithromycin (Biaxin)

46
Q

how is erythromycin (prototype) administered?

A

PO/IV, multiple daily dosing

47
Q

what AE does erythromycin (prototype) have?

A

more GI

48
Q

-Azithromycin (Zithromax) Azithromycin (Zithromax) administered?

A

PO/IV, convenient once day dosing=more resistance

49
Q

how is -Clarithromycin (Biaxin) administered?

A

PO

50
Q

what inhibitor is -Clarithromycin (Biaxin)?

A

CYP450

51
Q

what does -Clarithromycin (Biaxin) increase?

A

-Clarithromycin (Biaxin) increases plasma levels and AE of substrate

52
Q

uses of macroslides?

A

-wide range of infections d/t spectrum of activity

53
Q

one reason we use of Erythromycin?

A

Diphtheria

54
Q

one reason we use Azithromycin?

A

-chlamydia
-atypical pneumonia (Mycobacterium)

55
Q

one reason we use Clarithromycin?

A

many deep respiratory infections (AOM, acute sinusitis

56
Q

what serious AE does microslides have?

A

-QT prolongation
-Ventricular dysrhythmias-
(Torsade’s de Pointes )

57
Q

what other AE does macroslides have?

A

GI

58
Q

what do we offer in a PCN allergic teenager with Group A strep?

A

Cephalosporin or Macroslides

59
Q

what antibiotic for otitis media for first infection under 2yo? first line?

A

PCN
Amoxicillin
80-90 mg/kg/day

60
Q

what antibiotic for otitis media for antibiotic resistance toddler age less than 2yo?

A

Amoxicillin and clavulanate 80-90 mg/kg/day

61
Q

what antibiotic for otitis media for antibiotic resistance toddler less than 2 yo and that has PCN allergy?

A

Cefdinir 14 mg/kg/day BID or Azithromycin 10mg/kg Day 1, then 5 mg/kg once daily x Days 2,3,4,5

62
Q

what MOA id Lincosamide?

A

-Inhibits PROTEIN synthesis
-Usually bacteriostatic

63
Q

what activity is Lincosamide?

A

Gram - and Gram +

64
Q

is Lincosamide an alternative to PCN?

A

yes

65
Q

An example of a Lincosamide?

A

Clindamycin ( Cleocin)

66
Q

How is Lincosamide Clindamycin ( Cleocin) administered?

A

PO/IV/IM/Topical

its versatile

67
Q

what uses does Lincosamide Clindamycin ( Cleocin) have?

A

-Group A strep
-CA-MRSA
-Acne

68
Q

what AE does Lincosamide Clindamycin ( Cleocin) have?

A

-C.diff
- Pseudomembranous cellulitis
- limited use d/t serious AE

69
Q

what groups of people is Lincosamide Clindamycin ( Cleocin) not good for?

A

elderly, frail, pediatrics, immunocompromised

70
Q
A

Antibiotics (4 decks)

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