Penicillin

Question 1

Penicillin

General info

Answer 1

natural source (penicillium fungi)

Discovered by Fleming

most widely effective and the least toxic drugs known

Absorption of most oral penicillins (except for amoxicillin) is impaired by food

Question 2

Also called crystalline penicillin

Answer 2

Penicillin G

Question 3

Penicillin G. ROA
// why

Answer 3

It is powder form given IV or IM

Destroyed by gastric juice if given orally

Question 4

Penicillin G indications

Answer 4

cellulitis,

syphilis,

acute tonsillitis,

gas gangrene

Question 5

procaine penicillin G DOA

Answer 5

Intermediate acting 12 h

Question 6

Benzathine penicillin G DOA and usage

Answer 6

Long acting 4 weeks

syphilis, URT infections, rheumatic fever prophylaxis

البنزين حامي وريحته بتخنق

Question 7

procaine penicillin G + Benzathine penicillin G

ROA

Answer 7

administered IM and serve depot formulation, never given IV

Question 8

penicillin V

ROA and why

Answer 8

more acid stable than penicillin G&raquo_space;> given orally

Question 9

Which type of penicillin indicated for children and treatment of acute tonsillitis and it’s from natural source

Answer 9

penicillin V

Question 10

extended spectrum penicillins

Answer 10

ampicillin

amoxicillin

Question 11

ampicillin used in

Answer 11

bacillary dysentery / pseudomembranes colitis  (1g for 5 days)
listeriosis (caused by listeria monocytogenes)

Question 12

ampicillin can be combined with

Answer 12

sulbactam

أم سالب

Question 13

ampicillin general info

Answer 13

is not completely absorbed

more commonly used for GI infections

given IV or orally every 6 hr

Question 14

eradicates of H. Pylori
Drug???

Answer 14

amoxicillin

Question 15

Co-amoxiclav indications

Answer 15

Acute bacterial sinusitis
Otitis media (otorrhea, otalgia)
Bronchitis
CAP

قصبات و جيوب أنفية و أذن

Question 16

Side effects of Co-amoxiclav

Answer 16

GI upset

Question 17

amoxicillin as a prophylactic therapy

Answer 17

prophylactic therapy for patients with abnormal heart valves how are to
undergo extensive oral surgery

Question 18

Anti-staphylococcal penicillin (penicillinase resistant penicillins e.g

Answer 18

methicillin, Cloxacillin, flucloxacillin

Question 19

without B-lactamase inhibitors, MSSA is resistant to

Answer 19

ampicillin and amoxicillin

Question 20

methicillin, Cloxacillin, flucloxacillin
Usage

Answer 20

Used only for treating penicillinase producing staphylococci infections (MSSA)&raquo_space;>
narrow spectrum

Question 21

Methicillin is not used clinically because of

Answer 21

nephrotoxicity

مِث نِف

Question 22

used in the lab to perform the diagnosis only (MSSA or MRSA)

Drug name???

Answer 22

Methicillin

Question 23

to treat MRSA infections

Answer 23

Vancomycin

Question 24

If the MO is resistant to methicillin it is called methicillin resistant staph aureus

Answer 24

MRSA

Question 25

Antipseudomonal penicillins ROA + act on any MO

Answer 25

Act on pseudomonas aeruginosa (narrow spectrum) Only given orally

Question 26

Antipseudomonal penicillins such as piperacillin Has a higher risk with the bleeding when combined with

Answer 26

Hieparin and warfarin High doses can decrease blood coagulation >>> risk for bleeding Higher risk when the patient is taking piperacillin with heparin or warfarin

Question 27

piperacillin. Can be coadministered with 

Answer 27

tazobactam Piptaz ممتاز

Question 28

tazobactam + piperacillin Used in

Answer 28

prophylactic in liver transplantation

Question 29

Can penicillin cross placenta?? Can penicillin be teratogenic ?

Answer 29

✅ ❌❌

Question 30

Penicillin has insufficient to be effective against infection in which region of the body

Answer 30

prostate Bone CNS , CSF is insufficient

Question 31

Explain why being considered as a safety drugs

Answer 31

because we do not have cell wall

Question 32

The major side-effect of penicillin is

Answer 32

Allergy Range from simple skin rash to angioedema to life threatening anaphylactic shock

Question 33

Has cross-reactivity with

Answer 33

cephalosporin

Question 34

How can we treat anaphylactic shock?

Answer 34

maintaining airway, EP, antihistamine, hydrocortisone

Question 35

Pseudomembranous colitis can be caused, mainly by which type of penicillin

Answer 35

Ampicillin

Question 36

To treat ampicillin induced pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 36

Stop the drug Rehydration with electrolytes Oral vancomycin, fidaxomicin (1st line treatment) شاحنة فداء Metronidazole (less effective) مترو الشاحنةاقوى من المترو