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Pharma > Penicillin > Flashcards

Penicillin Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin

General info

A

natural source (penicillium fungi)

Discovered by Fleming

most widely effective and the least toxic drugs known

Absorption of most oral penicillins (except for amoxicillin) is impaired by food

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2
Q

Also called crystalline penicillin

A

Penicillin G

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3
Q

Penicillin G. ROA
// why

A

It is powder form given IV or IM

Destroyed by gastric juice if given orally

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4
Q

Penicillin G indications

A

cellulitis,

syphilis,

acute tonsillitis,

gas gangrene

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5
Q

procaine penicillin G DOA

A

Intermediate acting 12 h

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6
Q

Benzathine penicillin G DOA and usage

A

Long acting 4 weeks

syphilis, URT infections, rheumatic fever prophylaxis

البنزين حامي وريحته بتخنق

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7
Q

procaine penicillin G + Benzathine penicillin G

ROA

A

administered IM and serve depot formulation, never given IV

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8
Q

penicillin V

ROA and why

A

more acid stable than penicillin G&raquo_space;> given orally

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9
Q

Which type of penicillin indicated for children and treatment of acute tonsillitis and it’s from natural source

A

penicillin V

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10
Q

extended spectrum penicillins

A

ampicillin

amoxicillin

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11
Q

ampicillin used in

A

bacillary dysentery / pseudomembranes colitis  (1g for 5 days)
listeriosis (caused by listeria monocytogenes)

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12
Q

ampicillin can be combined with

A

sulbactam

أم سالب

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13
Q

ampicillin general info

A

is not completely absorbed

more commonly used for GI infections

given IV or orally every 6 hr

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14
Q

eradicates of H. Pylori
Drug???

A

amoxicillin

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15
Q

Co-amoxiclav indications

A

Acute bacterial sinusitis
Otitis media (otorrhea, otalgia)
Bronchitis
CAP

قصبات و جيوب أنفية و أذن

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16
Q

Side effects of Co-amoxiclav

A

GI upset

17
Q

amoxicillin as a prophylactic therapy

A

prophylactic therapy for patients with abnormal heart valves how are to
undergo extensive oral surgery

18
Q

Anti-staphylococcal penicillin (penicillinase resistant penicillins e.g

A

methicillin, Cloxacillin, flucloxacillin

19
Q

without B-lactamase inhibitors, MSSA is resistant to

A

ampicillin and amoxicillin

20
Q

methicillin, Cloxacillin, flucloxacillin
Usage

A

Used only for treating penicillinase producing staphylococci infections (MSSA)&raquo_space;>
narrow spectrum

21
Q

Methicillin is not used clinically because of

A

nephrotoxicity

مِث نِف

22
Q

used in the lab to perform the diagnosis only (MSSA or MRSA)

Drug name???

A

Methicillin

23
Q

to treat MRSA infections

A

Vancomycin

24
Q

If the MO is resistant to methicillin it is called methicillin resistant staph aureus

A

MRSA

25
Q

Antipseudomonal penicillins

ROA + act on any MO

A

Act on pseudomonas aeruginosa (narrow spectrum)

Only given orally

26
Q

Antipseudomonal penicillins such as piperacillin
Has a higher risk with the bleeding when combined with

A

Hieparin and warfarin

High doses can decrease blood coagulation&raquo_space;> risk for bleeding
Higher risk when the patient is taking piperacillin with heparin or warfarin

27
Q

piperacillin. Can be coadministered with 

A

tazobactam

Piptaz ممتاز

28
Q

tazobactam + piperacillin

Used in

A

prophylactic in liver transplantation

29
Q

Can penicillin cross placenta??
Can penicillin be teratogenic ?

A

✅

❌❌

30
Q

Penicillin has insufficient to be effective against infection in which region of the body

A

prostate
Bone
CNS , CSF is insufficient

31
Q

Explain why being considered as a safety drugs

A

because we do not have cell wall

32
Q

The major side-effect of penicillin is

A

Allergy

Range from simple skin rash to angioedema to life threatening anaphylactic
shock

33
Q

Has cross-reactivity with

A

cephalosporin

34
Q

How can we treat anaphylactic shock?

A

maintaining airway, EP, antihistamine,
hydrocortisone

35
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis can be caused, mainly by which type of penicillin

A

Ampicillin

36
Q

To treat ampicillin induced pseudomembranous colitis

A

Stop the drug
Rehydration with electrolytes

Oral vancomycin, fidaxomicin (1st line treatment) شاحنة فداء

Metronidazole (less effective) مترو

الشاحنةاقوى من المترو

Pharma (5 decks)

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