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Pharma > Cephalosporins > Flashcards

Cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

Cephalosporins

معلومات عامة

A

More beta-lactamase resistant than penicillin

كل مازاد الجيل بصير يشمل أكثر جرام negative بكتيريا 🦠 و كمان بصير
More resistant to beta lactamase

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2
Q

1st generation cephalosporins
E.g

A

cefazolin, فازلين

cefadroxil بوكسي

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3
Q

1st generation cephalosporins that has good penetration to the bone

A

Cefazolin

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4
Q

Used as a perioperative antibiotic before orthopedic, obstetrics and
gynecology

A

Cefazolin

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5
Q

1st generation cephalosporins is used in UTI, RTI

A

Cefadroxil

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6
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins

A

cefoxitin (IM OR IV), 🦊

Cefuroxime (parenteral, oral. اقسم انه يوخذ الحبة

اقسم الثعلب

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7
Q

IM injection is painful and should be avoided in which generation

A

2nd generation cephalosporins

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8
Q

Cefoxitin used for

A

Given at at induction of anesthesia is used as a surgical prophylaxis to prevent
internal abdominal and pelvic infections against anaerobic MO Bacteroides fragilis

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9
Q

the most commonly used cephalosporin in USA

A

Cefuroxime

اقسم انه يصير مشهور

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10
Q

Parenteral route of cefuroxime used in

A

is called maxil (cefuroxime sodium)

is indicated in
septicemia, pharyngitis, bronchitis

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11
Q

3rd generation cephalosporines example

A

cefotaxime, ش .تقسيم

ceftazidime. تزيد

ceftriaxone (axon)

شارع تقسيم يزيد المحور العصبي axon

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12
Q

The main advantage is adequate penetration to CSF (cross BBB)

Any generation

A

3rd generation cephalosporines

Remember ( axon)

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13
Q

are Used alternative with aminoglycosides to treat meningitis
caused by pneumococci, meningococci, H. influenza

A

Ceftria❌one & cefota❌ime

Third generation that contain letter ❌

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14
Q

Ceftriaxone & cefotaxime Not used for meningitis caused by

A

monocytogenes ❌❌❌❌❌❌❌

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15
Q

Ceftazidime is active against any MO

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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16
Q

Antipseudomonal cephalosporins

A

ceftazidime &cefepime

تزيد ⚔️ سيفي

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17
Q

DOC for neonatal and childhood meningitis

A

ceftriaxone 2g every 12 hours

‏هسه عشان تربطهم مع بعض اتذكر كلمة axon ياللي هو جزء من الجهاز العصبي والتهاب السحايا بصيب الجهاز العصبي 

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18
Q

excreted mainly in bile (no need to adjust the dose for renal insufficiency)

Which cephalosporin

A

Ceftraxone

شارع تقسيم في مشاكل بالعصارة

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19
Q

4th generation cephalosporins

A

cefepime=> Given only parenterally

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20
Q

community acquired pneumonia,
hospital acquired pneumonia. Which drug used

A

cefepime

Pneumonia معناها انقطاع النفس
والسيف هو عبارة عن اداة حادة قاطعة

21
Q

Used in infections resistant to other cephalosporines

A

cefepime.

‏لأنه من الجيل الرابع بتكون العدوى كثير قوية

22
Q

Which generation of cephalosporin has a broad spectrum activity

A

cefepime 4th

empirically in patients with febrile neutropenia

23
Q

Cephalosporin can be used alternative to Which drug

A

penicillin G

24
Q

Side effect of cephalosporin

A
  1. Diarrhea 3. Hypersensitivity reaction

Pain after injection

Anti vit K so bleeding 🩸

25
Q

Drug act as a bacteriacidal is the drug that inhibit c.w synthesis

A

B lactam (. Carbapenems cephalosporin pinicillin Monbactam

Non beta lactam ( vancomycin)

26
Q

the broadest spectrum beta lactam antibiotic

A

Carbapenems/ imipenem

27
Q

Carbapenems

A

Beta-lactamase resistant

IV

28
Q

Show cross sensitivity with penicillins

A

Carbapenems

Cephalosporin

29
Q

Carbapenems Used in combination with

A

cilastatin

ال carb و كيلو
الهم دخل بالدايت

30
Q

Monobactams e.g

A

aztreonam

نام لحاله

31
Q

Monobactams spectrum

A

Narrow spectrum (only against G-ve aerobic rod)

قاعد لحاله بالهواء لانه سلبي

32
Q

Monobactams , aztreonam

ROA

A

IV or IM

33
Q

Monobactams cross reactivity with

A

ceftazidime

لا تزيدها عليه لانه قاعد لحاله

34
Q

Safe drug for patients having penicillin or cephalosporin allergy (no cross sensitivity)

A

Monobactams

aztreonam

35
Q

Covers G+VE only

A

Vancomycin

36
Q

Vancomycin ROA

A

orally or IV

37
Q

Vancomycin Given orally to treat

A

pseudomembranous colitis

38
Q

Vancomycin Slow IV infusion to treat

A

prophylaxis of systemic infections

39
Q

Vancomycin active and stable in refrigerator following reconstitution how many days

A

14

40
Q

Red man 🧍‍♂️ syndrome caused by

A

Vancomycin

41
Q

DOC for MRSA

A

Vancomycin

42
Q

alternative to
aminoglycosides to treat enterococcal endocarditis

A

Vancomycin

43
Q

Vancomycin Increased risk for Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity when administered with

A

aminoglycosides

44
Q

How to prevent the flushing that caused by vancomycin

A

Prevented by prolonging the infusion to 1-2 hrs or pretreatment with antihistamine

45
Q

Cell membrane synthesis inhibitor

A

Polymyxin

46
Q

Polymyxin

Static or cidal

A

Bactericidal effect

47
Q

Active against G-VE bacteria

A

Polymyxin

Monobactams

48
Q

Commonly used with multidrug resistant infections

A

Polymyxin

49
Q

Polymyxin

ROA + contraindications

A

Available in parenteral, ophthalmic, topical preparations
Limited systemic use due to increased risk of nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity (slurred
speech, muscle weakness

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