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pelvis notecards Flashcards

1
Q

os coxa

A

also called innominate, pelvic, or hip bone, illiac crest sits at about L5

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2
Q

course of internal pudendal artery

A

exists pelvis via infrapiriformis part of greater sciatic foramen, enters perineum via lesser sciatic foramen, passes via pudendal canal (within obturator internus fascia) to UG triangle

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3
Q

course of gonadal arteries

A

testicular- passes through inguinal canal and enters scrotum, ovarian- crosses pelvic brim and descends in susgensory ligament of ovary

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4
Q

course of superior rectal artery

A

crosses over common internal iliac before descending into false pelvis between layers of sigmoid mesocolon

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5
Q

course of obturator artery

A

runs antero-inferiorly on obturator fascia of lateral pelvic wall, exiting the pelvis via the obturator canal

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6
Q

course of inferior vesical artery

A

passes subperitoneally in lateral ligament of bladder

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7
Q

course of uterine artery

A

runs anteromedially in base of broad ligament/ superior cardinal ligament, gives rise to vaginal br, then crosses ureter superiorly to reach lateral aspect of uterine cervix

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8
Q

course of iliolumbar artery

A

ascends anterior to sacro-iliac joint and posterior to common iliac vessels and psoas major, dividing into iliac and lumbar branches

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9
Q

course of lateral sacrals

A

run antero-medialy along piriformis to send branches into pelvic sacral formina

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10
Q

pelvic cavity

A

marked by pelvic inlet (runs from superior portion of sacrum, auricular surface, and pubic symphisis) and pelvic outlet (marked by tip of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity, and pubic arch), perineum lies inferior to pelvic outlet

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11
Q

pelvic fractures

A

weakest point is pubic bone, compression from anterior aspect can break all four; falling from great height will drive head of femus into acetabulum

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12
Q

pelvic diaphragm

A

creates pelvis floor and roof of perineum, includes coccygeus and levator ani

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13
Q

pelvic wall

A

posterosuperior wall formed by piriformis and lateral wall created by obturator internus

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14
Q

urogenital hiatus

A

an anterior gap between the medial borders of the levator ani muscle on each side, gives passage of the urethra and in females the vagina

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15
Q

course of ductus deferens

A

leaves testes and enters inguinal canal through superficial inguinal rings, transverses inguinal canal, and enters pelvis through the deep inguinal ring before passing antero-superiorly to bladder, then moving posterior of bladder (medial of ureters and seminal glands) to join ejaculatory ducts

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16
Q

seminal vesible

A

provides other material for semens, providing nourishment, duct meets up with ductus deferens to form ejaculatory duct, which then burrows into prostate to open up into urethra

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17
Q

prostate gland

A

sits inferior to bladder and superior to levator ani, male reproductive accessory gland, provides fluid to activate sperm and aid in transportation of sperm, surrounds prostatic urethra

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18
Q

trigone

A

region in bladder between the two uteral openings and opening to urethra, is rich in strech receptors sending signals that you need to pee

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19
Q

male urethra

A

intramural part-> prostatic-> intermediate-> spongy-> external urethral orfice

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20
Q

urinary bladder

A

hollow ciscus with strong smooth muscular wall, apex points toward the superior edge of pubic symphysis when bladder is empty, fundus is opposite the apex, the body is in between and is the major portion, the fundus and inferolateral surfaces meet inferiorly to form the neck of the bladder

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21
Q

orfice of prostatic utricle

A

a blind duct in between the ejaculatory duct orifices, vestigial remnant of embryonic uterovaginal canal

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22
Q

prostatic sinuses

A

bilateral grooves within prostatic urethra, in between lies urethral crest, where the ejaculatory ducts sit

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23
Q

colliculus semilunaris

A

rounded eminence in the middle of urthral crest, where the prostatic utricle is

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24
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

lie posterolateral to intermediate part of urthra, mostly embedded within the external urethral phincter, the ducts pass through the perineal membrane and open in the spongy urethra releasing mucus secretions into the bulb of the penis during arousal

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25
internal urethral sphincter
in males, contracts during ejculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen into the bladder
26
benign prostate hypertrophy
happnes with aging, can close prostatic urethra, causes urgency, pain, need to void at night, can go in through urethra and remove part of prostate
27
female urinary bladder
is poster to pubic symphisis,anterior to vaginal canal and rectum, uterus is usually superior to bladder
28
pouch of douglas
rectouterine pouch, between uterus and rectum
29
uterus
thick-walled, hollow muscular organ, very dynamic, three layers perimetrium (conncective tissue) myometrium (smooth muscle), and endometrium (grows every month, sheds without implantation), fundus is the rounded part supperior to where the follopian tubes join, corpus is everything superior to cervix, cervix is norrow inferior third
30
cervix
has two parts, vaginal portion and supravaginal, internal and external os are the two openings
31
ovaries
female gonads, are lateral and slightly posterior to uterus
32
ovarian ligament
attaches to uterus at postero-inferiorly junction of uterotubal junction, connects ovary to uterus, a remenant of gubernaculum
33
suspensory ligament of ovary
is continous with the mesovarium of the broad ligament, contains the ovarian vessels, lymphatics, and nerves passing superolateral aspect of the ovary
34
mesovarian
surrounds ovarian and suspensory ligaments and ovarian vessels
35
mesosalpinx
surrounds uterine tubes
36
mesometrium
surrounds uterine vessels and ureter
37
uterine tubes
made up of fimbria (fingerlike), infundibulum (funnel shaped distal end), ampulla (wides longest part where fertilization takes place), isthmus (thick walled part that enters uterine horn)
38
round ligament of uterus
attaches to uterus at antero-inferiorly junction of uterotubal junction also vestige of ovarian gubernaculum, enters the deep inguinal ring and exists the superficial ring, travels down and attaches to labia minora
39
broad ligament
double layer of peritoneum that extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral walls and floor of pelvis, holds uterus in place, inculdes mesosalpnix, mesovarium, and mesometrium
40
anteverted
when angle between cervix and uterus is less then 180
41
anteflexed
when angle between uterus and vaginal canal is less then 180
42
prolapsed uterus
when the uterus travels down vaginal canal, more common with reroverted and retroflexed uterus
43
perineum
two parts are urogenital triangle (anterior) and anal triangle (posterior)
44
superficial perineal pouch
space between perineal membrane (superiorly) and perineal fascia (colles fascia) inferiorly
45
deep perioneal fascia
space between fascia covering levatator ani superiorly and perineal membrane inferiorly, is open superiorly,
46
male superficial perineal pouch
contains bulb and cura of penis, ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles, spongy urthra, superficial transcerse perineal muscle, and deep perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerves
47
female superficial perineal pouch
contains clitoris and ischiocavernosus, bulbs of cestibule and surrounding bulbospongiosus, greater vestibular glands, superficial transcerse perineal muscles, and deep perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerves
48
erectile tissue of the penise
the paired corpora cavernos dorsally, are fused in the median plane except posteriorly except where they separate to form the crura of the penis, also contain deep artery and the single corpus spongiosum ventrally which contrains spongy urethra
49
root of penis
consists of crura, bulb, ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles, located in superficial perineal pouch, between the perineal membrane superiorly and the deep perineal fascia inferiorly
50
crura of the penis
composed of corpora cavernosum, each crus attaches to inferior part of internal surface of corresponding ischial ramus anterior to ischial tuberosity
51
bulb of penis
is continuos with corpora spongiosum and is penetrated by urethra
52
body of penis
the pree part that is suspended by pubic symphysis, contains corpus spongiosum, glans (head of penis), and corpora cavernosum
53
tunica albugina
outer fiborus covering of each corpora cavernosa
54
fundiform ligament of the penis
an irregular mass of collagen and elastic fibers of the subcutaneous tissue that descends the midline from the linea alba anterior to the pubic symphysis, split to surround penis and then unite to blend inferiorly with dartos fascia
55
suspensory ligament of the penis
a condensation of deep fascia that arises from the anterior surface of the pubic symphysis, passes inferiorly and splits to form a sling that is attached to the deep fascia of the penis at the junction of the root and body, anchors erectile bodies of penis to pubic symphysis
56
superficial fascia of the penis
is continuous with scarpa fascia
57
deep fascia of the penis
covers tunica albuginea, corpus spongiosum, and dorsal nerve and artery of penis, also called bucks fascia, continuation of deep perineal fascia
58
superficial transverse perineal muscle
in both male and female, runs from ischial tuberosity, with bulbospongiosus muscle joins external anal sphincter to attach centrally to perineal body, like intersecting beams, aid in support, passes along inferior aspect of posterior border of perinal membrane
59
male bulbospongiosus muscle
compresses the bulb of the penis and corpus spongiosum aiding in emptying residual urine or semen, anterior fibers encircle proximal part of body of penis and meet at raphe (midline) posteriorly, aid in maintaining erection by compressing vein and increasing pressure on tissue, also attaches to perineal body
60
male ischiocavernosusmuscle
surrounds crura in root of penis, forces blood to distal part of penis and compresses deep vein, extends from ischial tuberosity and ramus to the aponeurosis surrounding the crus
61
deep transverse perineal muscle
attaches to ischial tuberosity to perioneal body, passing along superior aspect of posterior border of perineal membrane, giving support to perineal body
62
sphincter ani externus
passes around anal canal inserting at perineal body and anococygeal raphe to close anal canal and fix perineal body
63
sphincter urethrae
surrounds urethra superior to perineal membrane
64
scrotum
cutaneous fibromuscular sac for testes
65
dartos muscle
layer of connective tissue found in scrotum, continuous with colles fascia of perineum and scarpas fascia of abdomen, consits of smooth muscle and is responsible for wrinkled appearance
66
septum of scrotum
the prolongation of the dartos fascia, each containing a testis
67
scrotal raphe
the midline of scrotum, sign of bilateral embryonic formation of scrotum, is continuous on ventral surface of penis with penile raphe
68
mons pubis
rounded fatty eminence anterior to the pubic symphysis, pubic tubercles, and superior pubic rami
69
labia majora
prominent folds of skin that protect clitoris and rethral and vaginal orifices, contain pudendal cleft, anterior commissure where they join anteriorly and posterior commissure where they meet overlying peroneal body
70
pudendal cleft
a central depression inbetween labia majora where the labia minora and vestibule are located
71
labia minora
rounded folds, fat and hair free, immediately surround vestibule, medial parts unite anteriorly to form frenulum, lateral parts unite anterior to clitoris forming prepuc (foreskin) of clitoris
72
clitoris
erectile organ, composed of cylindrical body (corpus) composed of two crura (attached to inferior pubic rami), two corpora cavernosa and glans clitoris,
73
bulbs of vestibule
are paired masses of elongated erectile tissue along the sides of the vaginal orifice, superior or deep to the labia minora, are covered inferiorly and laterally by bulbospongiosus muscles extending along their length, are homologous with bulb of penis
74
greater vestibular glands
located in the superficia perineal pouch, partially surrounded by the bulbospongiosus muscle, secrete mucus into vestibule during sexual arousal
75
female bulbospongiosus
surrounds vestibular bulb, vaginal orifice and clitoris, and attaches to perineal body, constricts vaginal orifice and contributes to erection of clitoris
76
female ischiocavernosus
attaches to ischial tuberosity and ramus to aponeurosis surrounding crus of clitoris, compresses crus during erection
77
compressor urethrae
in the female, goes from ischiopubic ramus to midline passing ventral to the urethra and inferior to the sphincter urethrae with a variable number of fibers faccing out medially to reach the vagina, replacing the deep transverse perineus, compresses urethra
78
ischioanal fossa
fat that supports pudendal triad which travels through obturator canal, without it, could develop prolapsed rectum, is connected left and right by deep postanal space, could spread infection
79
suspensory ligament of the breast
run from the clavicle and the clavipectoral fascia branching out through and around breast tissue to the dermis of the skin overlying the breast
80
lactiferous ducts
are responsible for delivering the milk to the surface of the skin and out of the mother through tiny pores in the nipple, form a tree-branch-like network that converges at the nipple

unit 2 (10 decks)

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