Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

unit 2 > pelvis notecards > Flashcards

pelvis notecards Flashcards

1
Q

os coxa

A

also called innominate, pelvic, or hip bone, illiac crest sits at about L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

course of internal pudendal artery

A

exists pelvis via infrapiriformis part of greater sciatic foramen, enters perineum via lesser sciatic foramen, passes via pudendal canal (within obturator internus fascia) to UG triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

course of gonadal arteries

A

testicular- passes through inguinal canal and enters scrotum, ovarian- crosses pelvic brim and descends in susgensory ligament of ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

course of superior rectal artery

A

crosses over common internal iliac before descending into false pelvis between layers of sigmoid mesocolon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

course of obturator artery

A

runs antero-inferiorly on obturator fascia of lateral pelvic wall, exiting the pelvis via the obturator canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

course of inferior vesical artery

A

passes subperitoneally in lateral ligament of bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

course of uterine artery

A

runs anteromedially in base of broad ligament/ superior cardinal ligament, gives rise to vaginal br, then crosses ureter superiorly to reach lateral aspect of uterine cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

course of iliolumbar artery

A

ascends anterior to sacro-iliac joint and posterior to common iliac vessels and psoas major, dividing into iliac and lumbar branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

course of lateral sacrals

A

run antero-medialy along piriformis to send branches into pelvic sacral formina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pelvic cavity

A

marked by pelvic inlet (runs from superior portion of sacrum, auricular surface, and pubic symphisis) and pelvic outlet (marked by tip of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity, and pubic arch), perineum lies inferior to pelvic outlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pelvic fractures

A

weakest point is pubic bone, compression from anterior aspect can break all four; falling from great height will drive head of femus into acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pelvic diaphragm

A

creates pelvis floor and roof of perineum, includes coccygeus and levator ani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pelvic wall

A

posterosuperior wall formed by piriformis and lateral wall created by obturator internus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

urogenital hiatus

A

an anterior gap between the medial borders of the levator ani muscle on each side, gives passage of the urethra and in females the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

course of ductus deferens

A

leaves testes and enters inguinal canal through superficial inguinal rings, transverses inguinal canal, and enters pelvis through the deep inguinal ring before passing antero-superiorly to bladder, then moving posterior of bladder (medial of ureters and seminal glands) to join ejaculatory ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

seminal vesible

A

provides other material for semens, providing nourishment, duct meets up with ductus deferens to form ejaculatory duct, which then burrows into prostate to open up into urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

prostate gland

A

sits inferior to bladder and superior to levator ani, male reproductive accessory gland, provides fluid to activate sperm and aid in transportation of sperm, surrounds prostatic urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

trigone

A

region in bladder between the two uteral openings and opening to urethra, is rich in strech receptors sending signals that you need to pee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

male urethra

A

intramural part-> prostatic-> intermediate-> spongy-> external urethral orfice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

urinary bladder

A

hollow ciscus with strong smooth muscular wall, apex points toward the superior edge of pubic symphysis when bladder is empty, fundus is opposite the apex, the body is in between and is the major portion, the fundus and inferolateral surfaces meet inferiorly to form the neck of the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

orfice of prostatic utricle

A

a blind duct in between the ejaculatory duct orifices, vestigial remnant of embryonic uterovaginal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

prostatic sinuses

A

bilateral grooves within prostatic urethra, in between lies urethral crest, where the ejaculatory ducts sit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

colliculus semilunaris

A

rounded eminence in the middle of urthral crest, where the prostatic utricle is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

lie posterolateral to intermediate part of urthra, mostly embedded within the external urethral phincter, the ducts pass through the perineal membrane and open in the spongy urethra releasing mucus secretions into the bulb of the penis during arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

internal urethral sphincter

A

in males, contracts during ejculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen into the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

benign prostate hypertrophy

A

happnes with aging, can close prostatic urethra, causes urgency, pain, need to void at night, can go in through urethra and remove part of prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

female urinary bladder

A

is poster to pubic symphisis,anterior to vaginal canal and rectum, uterus is usually superior to bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

pouch of douglas

A

rectouterine pouch, between uterus and rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

uterus

A

thick-walled, hollow muscular organ, very dynamic, three layers perimetrium (conncective tissue) myometrium (smooth muscle), and endometrium (grows every month, sheds without implantation), fundus is the rounded part supperior to where the follopian tubes join, corpus is everything superior to cervix, cervix is norrow inferior third

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

cervix

A

has two parts, vaginal portion and supravaginal, internal and external os are the two openings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

ovaries

A

female gonads, are lateral and slightly posterior to uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ovarian ligament

A

attaches to uterus at postero-inferiorly junction of uterotubal junction, connects ovary to uterus, a remenant of gubernaculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

suspensory ligament of ovary

A

is continous with the mesovarium of the broad ligament, contains the ovarian vessels, lymphatics, and nerves passing superolateral aspect of the ovary

34
Q

mesovarian

A

surrounds ovarian and suspensory ligaments and ovarian vessels

35
Q

mesosalpinx

A

surrounds uterine tubes

36
Q

mesometrium

A

surrounds uterine vessels and ureter

37
Q

uterine tubes

A

made up of fimbria (fingerlike), infundibulum (funnel shaped distal end), ampulla (wides longest part where fertilization takes place), isthmus (thick walled part that enters uterine horn)

38
Q

round ligament of uterus

A

attaches to uterus at antero-inferiorly junction of uterotubal junction also vestige of ovarian gubernaculum, enters the deep inguinal ring and exists the superficial ring, travels down and attaches to labia minora

39
Q

broad ligament

A

double layer of peritoneum that extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral walls and floor of pelvis, holds uterus in place, inculdes mesosalpnix, mesovarium, and mesometrium

40
Q

anteverted

A

when angle between cervix and uterus is less then 180

41
Q

anteflexed

A

when angle between uterus and vaginal canal is less then 180

42
Q

prolapsed uterus

A

when the uterus travels down vaginal canal, more common with reroverted and retroflexed uterus

43
Q

perineum

A

two parts are urogenital triangle (anterior) and anal triangle (posterior)

44
Q

superficial perineal pouch

A

space between perineal membrane (superiorly) and perineal fascia (colles fascia) inferiorly

45
Q

deep perioneal fascia

A

space between fascia covering levatator ani superiorly and perineal membrane inferiorly, is open superiorly,

46
Q

male superficial perineal pouch

A

contains bulb and cura of penis, ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles, spongy urthra, superficial transcerse perineal muscle, and deep perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerves

47
Q

female superficial perineal pouch

A

contains clitoris and ischiocavernosus, bulbs of cestibule and surrounding bulbospongiosus, greater vestibular glands, superficial transcerse perineal muscles, and deep perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerves

48
Q

erectile tissue of the penise

A

the paired corpora cavernos dorsally, are fused in the median plane except posteriorly except where they separate to form the crura of the penis, also contain deep artery and the single corpus spongiosum ventrally which contrains spongy urethra

49
Q

root of penis

A

consists of crura, bulb, ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles, located in superficial perineal pouch, between the perineal membrane superiorly and the deep perineal fascia inferiorly

50
Q

crura of the penis

A

composed of corpora cavernosum, each crus attaches to inferior part of internal surface of corresponding ischial ramus anterior to ischial tuberosity

51
Q

bulb of penis

A

is continuos with corpora spongiosum and is penetrated by urethra

52
Q

body of penis

A

the pree part that is suspended by pubic symphysis, contains corpus spongiosum, glans (head of penis), and corpora cavernosum

53
Q

tunica albugina

A

outer fiborus covering of each corpora cavernosa

54
Q

fundiform ligament of the penis

A

an irregular mass of collagen and elastic fibers of the subcutaneous tissue that descends the midline from the linea alba anterior to the pubic symphysis, split to surround penis and then unite to blend inferiorly with dartos fascia

55
Q

suspensory ligament of the penis

A

a condensation of deep fascia that arises from the anterior surface of the pubic symphysis, passes inferiorly and splits to form a sling that is attached to the deep fascia of the penis at the junction of the root and body, anchors erectile bodies of penis to pubic symphysis

56
Q

superficial fascia of the penis

A

is continuous with scarpa fascia

57
Q

deep fascia of the penis

A

covers tunica albuginea, corpus spongiosum, and dorsal nerve and artery of penis, also called bucks fascia, continuation of deep perineal fascia

58
Q

superficial transverse perineal muscle

A

in both male and female, runs from ischial tuberosity, with bulbospongiosus muscle joins external anal sphincter to attach centrally to perineal body, like intersecting beams, aid in support, passes along inferior aspect of posterior border of perinal membrane

59
Q

male bulbospongiosus muscle

A

compresses the bulb of the penis and corpus spongiosum aiding in emptying residual urine or semen, anterior fibers encircle proximal part of body of penis and meet at raphe (midline) posteriorly, aid in maintaining erection by compressing vein and increasing pressure on tissue, also attaches to perineal body

60
Q

male ischiocavernosusmuscle

A

surrounds crura in root of penis, forces blood to distal part of penis and compresses deep vein, extends from ischial tuberosity and ramus to the aponeurosis surrounding the crus

61
Q

deep transverse perineal muscle

A

attaches to ischial tuberosity to perioneal body, passing along superior aspect of posterior border of perineal membrane, giving support to perineal body

62
Q

sphincter ani externus

A

passes around anal canal inserting at perineal body and anococygeal raphe to close anal canal and fix perineal body

63
Q

sphincter urethrae

A

surrounds urethra superior to perineal membrane

64
Q

scrotum

A

cutaneous fibromuscular sac for testes

65
Q

dartos muscle

A

layer of connective tissue found in scrotum, continuous with colles fascia of perineum and scarpas fascia of abdomen, consits of smooth muscle and is responsible for wrinkled appearance

66
Q

septum of scrotum

A

the prolongation of the dartos fascia, each containing a testis

67
Q

scrotal raphe

A

the midline of scrotum, sign of bilateral embryonic formation of scrotum, is continuous on ventral surface of penis with penile raphe

68
Q

mons pubis

A

rounded fatty eminence anterior to the pubic symphysis, pubic tubercles, and superior pubic rami

69
Q

labia majora

A

prominent folds of skin that protect clitoris and rethral and vaginal orifices, contain pudendal cleft, anterior commissure where they join anteriorly and posterior commissure where they meet overlying peroneal body

70
Q

pudendal cleft

A

a central depression inbetween labia majora where the labia minora and vestibule are located

71
Q

labia minora

A

rounded folds, fat and hair free, immediately surround vestibule, medial parts unite anteriorly to form frenulum, lateral parts unite anterior to clitoris forming prepuc (foreskin) of clitoris

72
Q

clitoris

A

erectile organ, composed of cylindrical body (corpus) composed of two crura (attached to inferior pubic rami), two corpora cavernosa and glans clitoris,

73
Q

bulbs of vestibule

A

are paired masses of elongated erectile tissue along the sides of the vaginal orifice, superior or deep to the labia minora, are covered inferiorly and laterally by bulbospongiosus muscles extending along their length, are homologous with bulb of penis

74
Q

greater vestibular glands

A

located in the superficia perineal pouch, partially surrounded by the bulbospongiosus muscle, secrete mucus into vestibule during sexual arousal

75
Q

female bulbospongiosus

A

surrounds vestibular bulb, vaginal orifice and clitoris, and attaches to perineal body, constricts vaginal orifice and contributes to erection of clitoris

76
Q

female ischiocavernosus

A

attaches to ischial tuberosity and ramus to aponeurosis surrounding crus of clitoris, compresses crus during erection

77
Q

compressor urethrae

A

in the female, goes from ischiopubic ramus to midline passing ventral to the urethra and inferior to the sphincter urethrae with a variable number of fibers faccing out medially to reach the vagina, replacing the deep transverse perineus, compresses urethra

78
Q

ischioanal fossa

A

fat that supports pudendal triad which travels through obturator canal, without it, could develop prolapsed rectum, is connected left and right by deep postanal space, could spread infection

79
Q

suspensory ligament of the breast

A

run from the clavicle and the clavipectoral fascia branching out through and around breast tissue to the dermis of the skin overlying the breast

80
Q

lactiferous ducts

A

are responsible for delivering the milk to the surface of the skin and out of the mother through tiny pores in the nipple, form a tree-branch-like network that converges at the nipple

unit 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions