Pelvis/LE - Knee Joint

Question 1

Knee Joint

Answer 1

synovial joint
hinge joint
connects femur to tibia

Question 2

Knee Joint Articulations (3)

Answer 2

lateral tibiofemoral
medial tibiofemoral
patellofemoral

Question 3

Knee Stability (4)

Answer 3

muscles (most important)
ligaments
joint capsule
bony congruety

Question 4

Patellar Tracking - Knee Extension

Answer 4

patella tracks superiorly

Question 5

Patellar Tracking - Knee Flexion

Answer 5

patella tracks inferiorly

Question 6

Anterior External Joint Capsule (3)

Answer 6

patella
patellar ligament
quadriceps tendon

Question 7

Medial External Joint Capsule (1)

Answer 7

MCL

Question 8

Posterior External Joint Capsule (1)

Answer 8

popliteal ligaments

Question 9

Joint Capsule

Answer 9

thickened external fibrous layer

internal synovial membrane

Question 10

Ligaments of Knee Joint (10)

Answer 10

LCL
MCL
ACL
PCL
medial meniscus
lateral meniscus
coronary ligaments
transverse ligaments
oblique popliteal ligament
arcuate popliteal ligament

Question 11

Lateral Collateral Ligament

Answer 11

LCL aka fibular collateral ligament (FCL)

extends from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the head of the fibula

Question 12

Medial Collateral Ligament

Answer 12

MCL aka tibial collateral ligament (TCL)

extends from medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle and superior part of medial surface of the tibia

Question 13

Oblique Popliteal Ligament

Answer 13

posterior to the medial tibial condyle and passes superolaterally to attach to the central part of the posterior aspect of the joint capsule

Question 14

Arcuate Popliteal Ligament

Answer 14

arises from posterior aspect of the fibular head, passes superomedially over the tendon of the popliteus, and spreads over the posterior surface of the knee joint

Question 15

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Answer 15

ACL arises from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and extends superiorly, posteriorly, and laterally to attach to the posterior part of the medial side of the lateral condyle
prevents anterior displacement of tibia

Question 16

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Answer 16

PCL arises from the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia and passes superiorly and anteriorly on the medial side of the ACL to attach to the anterior part of the lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur
prevents posterior displacement of tibia
stronger than ACL

Question 17

Medial Meniscus

Answer 17

C-shaped
broader posteriorly than anteriorally
firmly adheres to the deep surface of MCL
more secure = more stability
but more likely to tear

Question 18

Lateral Meniscus

Answer 18

circular

smaller and more freely moveable than medial

Question 19

Menisci

Answer 19

fibrocartilage plates
shock absorption
deepens concavity of bone
outer third - red zone

Question 20

Coronary Ligaments

Answer 20

attach margins of the menisci to tibial condyles

Question 21

Transverse Ligament

Answer 21

joins anterior edges of menisci allowing them to move together during knee movements

Question 22

Plica

Answer 22

fold in the synovial lining

Question 23

Screw Home Mechanism

Answer 23

open-chain: tibia laterally rotates to lock knee in on fixed femur (sitting knee ext)
close-chain: femur medially rotates to lock knee in on fixed tibia (standing from squat)
“hold the jar and screw the lid or hold the lid and screw the jar”

Question 24

Q Angle

Answer 24

line drawn from ASIS to middle of patella to tibial tuberosity
normal Q angle (in slight flexion)
Male: 13 degrees
Female: 18 degrees

Question 25

Varus

Answer 25

distal lever arm medial in relation to midline (>180 deg)

Question 26

Valgus

Answer 26

distal lever arm lateral in relation to midline

Question 27

Genu Varum

Answer 27

bowlegged

Question 28

Genu Valgum

Answer 28

knock-kneed

Question 29

Valgus Stress Test

Answer 29

tests MCL

Question 30

Varus Stress Test

Answer 30

tests LCL

Question 31

Bursa

Answer 31

fluid filled sacs that reduce friction around tendons

12 in knee

Question 32

Normal ROM

Answer 32

-3 degrees extension (3 deg hyperextension)
155 flexion
*females more hyperextension

Question 33

ROM Required for Normal Gait

Answer 33

0 degrees extension

70 degrees flexion

Question 34

ROM Required for Sit to Stand

Answer 34

0 degrees extension

110 degrees flexion