Pelvis and Pelvic Floor Flashcards
Name the bones of the pelvic girdle
- 1 sacrum
- 5 fused sacral vertebrae
- 2 os coxae
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
Name the ligaments of the pelvis
- pubic symphysis
- connects 2 pubic bones
- Ant. sacroiliac lig.
- Post. sacroiliac lig.
- sacrotuberous lig.
- sacrospinuos lig.
- obturator membrane Interosseous lig.
Describe the differences between the female and male pelvis
- Oval pelvic brim in ♀ vs. heart-shaped in ♂
- shorter pubic symphysis in ♀
- much wider pubic arch in ♀
- more flared iliac wings (alae) in ♀
- ischial tuberosities farther apart in ♀
- sacrum shorter & less curved in ♀
Note: All for accommodation of childbirth
Describe the two triangles that make up the perineum
Urogenital Δ
- passage of urinary & genital systems
- deep trans. perineal mm. or UG diaphragm
Anal Δ
- passage of rectum & anus
- pelvic floor mm. or pelvic diaphragm
Describe the muscles and general features of the pelvic diaphragm
- Pelvic Floor = Pelvic Diaphragm
- 2 general mm
- Levator ani I
- liococcygeus
- Pubococcygeus
- Puborectalis
- Coccygeus
- Levator ani I
- assisted by piriformis & obturator internus mm.
Describe the muscles and general features of the urogenital diaphragm
- Anterior/inferior to pelvic diaphragm
- Composed of deep transervse perineal mm.
- Extends between 2 pubic arches
- Attaches posteriorly to perineal body
- Blends with sphincter mm. of urethra and vagina(♀)
Describe the pelvic viscera common to both males and females
- Ureter
- Urethra
- Urinary Bladder
- Rectum
- Anal Canal
Describe the major components of the male pelvic viscera
- Ureter
- ductus deferens, crosses ureter
- Urethra four parts
- 1) preprostatic part
- 2) prostatic part
- 3)membranous part
- 4) spongy part
- Penis
- Testes
- Spermatic cord
- ductus (vas) deferens
- reproductive glands
Describe the major components making up the female pelvic viscera
- Ureter
- uterine a. crosses ureter
- Urethra
- ~ 3.5 – 4 cm
- Pierces ant. portion of UG diaphragm
- between bladder and external urethral orifice
- Ovaries
- Uterine (Fallopian) tubes
- Uterus
- Uterine cervix
- vaginal fornix
Describe the peritoneal specializations and ligaments of the female
- Uterine ligaments
- Suspensory lig.
- peritoneum covering ovarian vessels & nn.
- Broad lig.
- peritoneum covering uterus and adnexa
- Ovarian lig.
- anchors ovary to uterus
- Round lig. of uterus
- continuation of ovarian lig.
- passes thru inguinal canal to fuse with labia majora
- Suspensory lig.
External organs & structures of the male pelvic viscera
- Penis
- Testes
- primary male reproductive organs
- housed in scrotum
- Spermatic cord
- fascial sheath derived from anterior abdominal wall
- from inguinal canal into scrotum
- surrounds ductus deferens, testicular vessels & nn.
- ductus (vas) deferens
- reproductive glands
Describe the male reproductive glands
- seminal vesicles
- joins vas def, forms ejaculatory ducts, empty into prostatic urethra
- prostate gland
- walnut sized, btwn bladder & UG diaphragm
- bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland
- 2 pea sized, within UG diaphragm, empty into penile urethra
Describe the ureter
- transport urine from kidneys to bladder
- cross ext. iliac vessels & descend into pelvis
- travel to posterolateral aspect of urinary bladder
Describe the urinary bladder
- stores urine prior to expulsion thru urethra
- consists of smooth m. = detrusor urinae
- covered by peritoneum & supported by pelvic floor
Describe the rectum
- located in true pelvis superior to pelvic floor
- normally constricted by puborectal sling
- U-shaped puborectalis m.
Describe the anal canal
- emerges in anal Δ inferior to pelvic floor
- continuous with rectum at anorectal junction & produces curvature at anorectal junction (perineal flexure)
- relaxes to allow defecation
Describe the Uterine (Fallopian) tubes
- muscular tubes for transport of ovum to uterus
- open channels from peritoneal cavity to uterus
- isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum & fimbriae
Describe the ovaries
- primary female reproductive organs
- produces ova & female hormones
- 1 ovum released per menstrual cycle
- encapsulated and housed in true pelvis
Describe the uterus
- ~7 cm long
- may enlarge 20x – pregnancy
- usually anteverted & at right angle to vaginal canal
- position changes with full bladder & pregnancy
Describe the uterine cervix
- inferior neck of uterus protruding into vaginal canal
- opens to vagina as external os & uterus as internal os
Describe the vaginal fornix
- circular gutter surrounding cervix
- deeper post. than ant
Describe the regions of the pelvis
Divided into 2 regions by pelvic brim
- False pelvis
- above pelvic brim pelvic inlet
- continuous with abdominal cavity
- greater pelvis
- True pelvis
- below pelvic brim pelvic outlet
- closed off below by muscular pelvic floor
- lesser pelvis
Describe the muscles of the pelvic wall
- Piriformis m.
- Obturator internus
Describe the piriformis m
- anterior sacrum to greater trochanter
- passes behind greater sciatic notch
- closes off posterior/superior pelvic outlet
- arises in pelvis to act on hip joint
- passes thru greater sciatic foramen
- S1, S2
Describe the obturator internus m
- obturator foramen to greater trochanter
- covered with thick fascia & attaches to levator ani as tendinous arch
- arises in pelvis to act on hip joint
- passes thru lesser sciatic foramen
- L5, S1
Describe the pelvic floor and perineum
- Separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum formed by muscles and fascia
- Levator Ani muscles
- largest components of the pelvic diaphragm
- Coccygeus muscles
Describe the apertures in the pelvic wall
- greater sciatic foramen above and below piriformis m
- lesser sciatic foramen
- obturator canal
What travels thru the greater sciatic foramen above piriformis m
- superior gluteal n and vessels
Describe the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis m
- sciatic n
- inferior gluteal n and vessels
- posterior femoral cutaneous n and vessels
- quadratus femoris n and vessels
- pudenal n and internal pudenal vessels
- nerve to obturator internus
Describe the lesser sciatic foramen
- pudenal n and internal pudenal vessels
- nerve to obturator internus
- obturator internus m
Describe the obturator canal
- obturator n and vessels
Describe the perineum
- diamond shaped region between thigh 2 Δs
Cross section of deep transverse perineal mm
deep transverse perineal mm are continuous with external urethral sphincter
Describe the location of the urinary bladder in male and female
- male bladder on top of prostate
Describe the Os Coxae
- three bones
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
Describe the obturator membrane
- closes off obturator foramen
- lower border of obturator canal
Describe the sacrotuberous ligament
- ischial tuberosity to sacrum/coccyx
- lower border of lesser sciatic foramen
Describe the sacrospinous ligament
- ischial spine to sacrum/coccyx
- lower boundary of greater sciatic foramen
