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Kidney > Pelvis Anatomy > Flashcards

Pelvis Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pelvis compromised of

A

3 bones

Sacrum
Left and right hip bones (innominate) bones

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2
Q

What is the hip bone compromised of

A

3 smaller bones that fuse together

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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3
Q

How many articulations does the bony pelvis have

A

5

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4
Q

What are the names of the articulations of the bony pelvis

A

Hip joint
Sacroiliac joint
Pubic symphysis
Lumbosacral joint
Sacrococcygeal joint

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5
Q

What is the hip joint

A

Head of the femur and the acetabulum (socket) of the pelvis

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6
Q

Where is the sacroiliac joint

A

Between sacrum and ilium of the hip bone

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7
Q

What are the features of the sacroiliac joint

A

Very stable and strong

Supported by many ligaments

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8
Q

Where is the pubic symphysis

A

Between the two pubic bones

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9
Q

What are the features of the pubic symphysis

A

Almost no movement is permitted at the pubic symphysis

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10
Q

Where is the lumbosacral joint

A

Between the 5th lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum (an intervertebral disc lies between the two)

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11
Q

Where is the sacrococcygeal joint

A

Between the sacrum and coccyx

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12
Q

Where is the most anterior point of the ilium

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

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13
Q

Where is the most lateral point of the ilium

A

Iliac tubercule

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14
Q

What does the line drawn between each iliac tubercles mark

A

Division of the lower third of the abdomen from the middle third

Delineating the suprapubic region from the umbilical and the iliac fossae from the flanks

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15
Q

What is the intertubercular line

A

A line drawn between each iliac tubercle

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16
Q

What is the most medial point of the pubic bone

A

Pubic tubercle

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17
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament run

A

Runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

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18
Q

What is the mid-inguinal point

A

Mid-point of a line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic symphysis

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19
Q

Where is the femoral artery palpable

A

Mid-inguinal point

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20
Q

What organs does the pelvis contain

A

Gastrointestinal and genitourinary system

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21
Q

What is the arterial supply of the pelvis

A

Left and right iliac arteries

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22
Q

What do the iliac arteries give rise to branches which supply

A

Pelvic viscera

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23
Q

What are the key branches of the internal iliac arteries

A

Vesical arteries
Uterine and vaginal arteries (female)
Middle rectal artery
Internal pudendal artery
Superior and inferior gluteal arteries

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24
Q

What does the middle rectal artery supply

A

Rectum

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25
Q

What does the internal pudendal artery supply

A

Exits the pelvis to supply the perineum

26
Q

What do the superior and inferior gluteal arteries supply

A

Exit the pelvis to supply the gluteal (buttock) region

27
Q

What drains the pelvic organs

A

Several venous plexuses

28
Q

What do the venous plexuses unite and drain into

A

Mostly the internal iliac vein

29
Q

What type of nerves supply the pelvis

A

Somatic
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

30
Q

What are they key nerves from the sacral plexus

A

Sciatic nerve
Pudendal nerve
Superior and inferior gluteal nerves
Pelvis splanchnic nerves

31
Q

What is the sciatic nerve formed by

A

By lumbar and sacral nerves

L4-S3

32
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve exit and what does it supply

A

Exits pelvis
Supplies lower limb

33
Q

What is the pudendal nerve formed by

A

Spinal nerves S2-4

34
Q

Where does the pudendal nerve exit and what does it supply

A

Exits pelvis
Major nerve of the perineum

35
Q

Where does the superior and inferior gluteal nerves exit and what do these innervate

A

Exits the pelvis
Innervate gluteal region

36
Q

What do pelvic splanchnic nerves carry

A

Parasympathetic fibres from S2-S4 spinal cord segments

37
Q

Where do splanchnic nerves travel

A

Pelvic viscera

38
Q

Where are sympathetic nerves that innervate the pelvic viscera derived from

A

Lumbar splanchnic nerves

39
Q

What is the pelvic floor

A

Collective name for several muscles that support the pelvic organs from below

40
Q

What are the three primary functions of the pelvic floor

A

Prevent herniation - pelvic organs inferiorly, out of the pelvis

Control continence of urine and faeces - provide a sphincter action of urethra and rectum respectively

Aid in increasing intra-abdominal pressure

41
Q

What are the muscles which make up the pelvic floor

A

Levator ani
Coccygeus

42
Q

What is the levator ani composed of

A

Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus

43
Q

Where is the perineum

A

Immediately superficial and inferior to the pelvic floor

44
Q

Where is the superficial region of the perineum

A

Between the pubic symphysis and coccyx and medial surfaces of the thighs

45
Q

When viewed from above what shape is the perineum

A

Diamond shaped

46
Q

What can the perineum be split into

A

2 triangles

47
Q

What are the names of the two triangles the perineum can be split into

A

Anal triangle (posteriorly)
Urogenital triangle (anteriorly)

48
Q

What does the anal triangle contain

A

The opening of the anus and the external anal sphincter

49
Q

How many layers does the urogenital triangle have

A

5

50
Q

What are the layers if the urogenital triangle

A

Skin
Perineal fascia
Superficial perineal pouch
Perineal membrane
Deep perineal pouch

51
Q

What opens out through the skin in the pelvis

A

Urethra and vagina

52
Q

What is the perineal fascia

A

Continuation of the fascia overlying the abdominal wall muscles

53
Q

What is the superficial perineal pouch

A

Potential space which contains the erectile tissues of the penis or clitoris

54
Q

How many muscles does the superifical perineal pouch contain

A

3

55
Q

What are the names of the three muscles in the superficial perineal pouch

A

Ischiocavernosus
Bubospongiosus
Superficial transverse perineal muscles

56
Q

What is the perineal membrane

A

A strong fibrous membrane that provides support for attachment of the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus

57
Q

What foes the perineal membrane have

A

Specific holes in for the urethra and vagina

58
Q

What is the deep perineal pouch

A

Potential space between the perineal membrane and the pelvic floor muscles

59
Q

What does the deep perineal pouch contain

A

Parts of the vagina, urethra and the external urethral sphincter

60
Q

What sits between the two triangles of the perineum

A

Perineal body

61
Q

What is the perineal body

A

Dense mass of fibrous tissue and muscle

Acts as an attachment for almost all perineal and pelvic floor muscles

Kidney (7 decks)

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