Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Kidney > Anatomy of the Kidney and Adrenal Gland > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Kidney and Adrenal Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Where do adrenal glands lie

A

Upper pole of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is another name for adrenal gland

A

Suprarenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the right adrenal gland lie

A

Behind the liver and inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does the left adrenal gland lie

A

Behind the stomach and pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the arteries supplying each gland

A

Superior adrenal artery
Middle adrenal artery
Inferior adrenal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the superior adrenal artery a branch of

A

Inferior phrenic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the middle adrenal artery a branch of

A

Abdominal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the inferior adrenal artery a branch of

A

Renal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the adrenal glands drained by

A

Single vein on each side

Right and left adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the right adrenal gland directly drain into

A

Inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the left adrenal gland directly drain into

A

Left renal vein - then joins the inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the adrenal gland composed of

A

Cortex (outer part)
Medulla (inner part)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the cortex of the adrenal gland produce

A

Steroid hormones
Including:
- Cortisol
- Aldosterone
- Testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the medulla of the adrenal gland produce

A

Adrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the shape and size of the kidneys

A

Two bean-shaped kidneys
11cm long
7cm wide
4cm thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do the kidneys lie

A

Extra-peritoneal structures - lie outside the peritoneum

Retro-peritoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are the kidneys located

A

One on either side of the upper lumbar vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is each kidney embedded by

A

Perinephric fat covered by renal fascia covered by perinephric fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is on the medial side of the kidney

A

Renal hilum - where renal vessels, nerves, lymphatics and ureter enter or leave the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the right and left arteries branches of

A

Abdominal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do the right and left renal veins drain into

A

Inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the internal aspect of the kidney composed of

A

Cortex
Medulla
Calyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the outer part of the kidneys

A

Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the medulla arranged in

A

Pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the functional units of the kidneys
Nephrons
26
What is the role of the nephrons
Filter blood Reabsorb water and solutes Secrete and excrete waste products as urine
27
What is located in the cortex
Glomeruli Glomerular capsules (Bowman's capsules) Proximal and distal tubules Part of the collecting ducts
28
What is located in the renal pyramids
Nephron loop (of Henle) Rest of the collecting ducts
29
From the collecting ducts where does urine travel
Down the pyramids towards the renal papilla to the minor calyx
30
What is the renal papilla
Apex of the pyramid
31
What does minor calyxes merge to form
Major calyxes
32
What do major calyxes merge to form
Renal pelvis
33
What is the renal pelvis continuous with
Ureter
34
How do ureters carry urine to the urinary bladder
Narrow tubes with muscular walls Transport urine via peristalsis
35
Where do the ureters run
Anterior to psoas major on the posterior abdominal wall Cross pelvic brim to enter the pelvis
36
Where do the ureters enter the bladder
Inferomedial aspect
37
What are kidney (ureteric) stones
Hard stones that can form in the kidneys and pass into the ureter
38
What are kidney stones normally made from
Calcium oxalate
39
Where do the fibres originate which supply pain to the ureters
T12 to L2 nerves
40
Where are the three areas kidney stones can be stuck
Pelvi-ureteric junction Pelvic brim Vesico-ureteric junction
41
Where is the pevi-ureteric junction
Between the renal pelvis and ureter
42
Where is the pelvic rim
Where ureter runs over the pelvic brim, anterior to the iliac artery
43
Where is the vesico-ureteric junction
Where the ureter joins the bladder
44
Are the kidneys retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
45
Where do the kidneys typically extend
T12 - L3
46
How large is a kidney
Approximately 3 vertebrae in the length
47
What are the layers in which the kidney is encased
Deep to superficial Renal capsule Perineal fat Renal fascia Pararenal fat
48
What is the renal capsule
Tough fibrous capsule
49
What is perineal fat
Collection of extraperitoneal fat
50
What does the renal fascia enclose
Kidneys and suprarenal glands
51
Where is pararenal fat mainly located
Posterolateral aspect of kidneys
52
What can the renal parenchyma be divided into
Outer cortex Inner medulla
53
What is the apex of a renal pyramid called
Renal papilla
54
What collects urine from the pyramids
Minor calyx
55
What is the blood supply to the kidneys
Renal arteries
56
Where do the renal arteries arise
Directly from the abdominal aorta - immediately distal to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery
57
What is the order through the kidneys
Renal pyramids Renal papilla Minor calyx Major calyx Renal pelvis Ureter
58
Which of the renal arteries is longer
Right due to the position of the abdominal aorta
59
What % of the blood does the anterior division of the renal artery carry
75%
60
What % of the blood does the posterior division of the renal artery carry
25%
61
How many segmental arteries arise from the anterior and posterior divisions of the renal arteries
5
62
What is the division of the segmental arteries
Interlobar arteries (located either side of every renal pyramid) Arcuate arteries 90 degrees to the arcuate arteries - interlobular arteries Pass through cortex become afferent arterioles
63
What and where is the peritubular network
Outer 2/3 of the renal cortex Efferent arterioles for Supplies nephron tubules with oxygen and nutrients
64
What is the inner 1/3 of the cortex and medulla supplied by
Vasa recta
65
Describe venous drainage of the kidneys
By left and right renal veins Leave hilum anteriorly to renal arteries Empty directly into inferior vena cava
66
Which renal vein is longer
Left renal vein as vena cava lies slightly to the right
67
How long approx. are the ureters
25cm long
68
Where do the ureters arise
From renal pelvis
69
What is the name for the point at which the renal pelvis narrows to form the ureter
Ureteropelvic junction
70
When ureters descend through the abdomen are they intra or retroperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
71
What happens to the ureters at the area of the sacroiliac joints
Ureters cross the pelvic brim Enter the pelvic cavity Cross the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries
72
What happens to the ureters in the pelvic cavity
Travel down the lateral pelvic walls At the level of the ischial spines - turn anteromedially - moving transverse plane towards the bladder
73
What is the difference between the renal veins
Right - adrenal vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava Left - adrenal vein drains first into the left renal vein - then joins the inferior vena cava

Kidney (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions