Pelvis Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Radiographic appearance of an AP pelvis with rotation to the left?

A

-left ala wider than right
-left obturator foramen is narrower than right
-left ischial spine is seen without pelvic brim superimposition
-the SP will be seen to the left of the sacrum and coccyx

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2
Q

What is the Radiographic appearance of an AP pelvis with rotation to the right?

A

-right ala wider than left
-right obturator foramen is narrower than left
-right ischial spine is seen without pelvic brim superimposition
-the SP will be seen to the right of the sacrum and coccyx

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3
Q

In an AP pelvis, where should the femoral epicondyles be positioned in relation to the table?

A

Parallel

Feet internally rotated 15-20 degrees

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4
Q

What should be the appearance of the proximal femur in an AP with internal rotation of the legs/feet

A

-femoral neck without foreshortening
-greater trochanter in profile laterally
-lesser trochanter mostly superimposed

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5
Q

What will be the appearance of the proximal femur if the leg/foot is not internally rotated?

A

-greater trochanter will be superimposed by femoral neck
-lesser trochanter will be in profile medially
-femoral neck will be foreshortened

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6
Q

How is the femoral neck demonstrated with extreme external rotation?

A

Demonstrated on end

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7
Q

T/F
With suspected fracture of femoral neck or proximal femur, a pelvic projection is ordered instead of an AP hip

A

True
*pelvic fractures are usually associated with proximal femur fractures

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8
Q

How will an AP pelvis be demonstrated with no internal leg rotation due to trauma?

A

Foreshortened femoral neck, lesser trochanter without femoral shaft superimposition

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9
Q

How is the proximal femur demonstrated on an AP hip?

A

Greater trochanter in profile laterally
Femoral neck demonstrated without foreshortening
Lesser trochanter superimposed

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10
Q

What should be at the centre of the exposure field for an AP hip?

A

Femoral head or neck

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11
Q

How will an AP projection of the hip be demonstrated if the patient is rotated away from the affected side?

A

-ischial spine is not aligned with pelvic brim, but demonstrated closer to acetabulum
-sacrum and coccyx not aligned with symph
-obturator is widened

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12
Q

How will an AP projection of the hip be demonstrated if the patient is rotated toward from the affected side?

A

-ischial spine is demonstrated without pelvic brim superimposition
-sacrum and coccyx not aligned with symph
-obturator is narrowed

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13
Q

What will be the Radiographic appearance with an externally rotated leg of 45 degrees?

A

Femoral epicondyles 60-65 degree angle with the table, the femoral neck is demonstrated on end and the lesser trochanter is demonstrated in profile

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14
Q

What is the Radiographic appearance of the leg is foot is positioned vertically?

A

Femoral condyle approx. 15-20 degree angle with the table, lesser trochanter in partial profile and femoral neck demonstrated partially foreshortened

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15
Q

What is the Radiographic appearance of there is insufficient flexion of the knees and hips for a frog leg?

A

Greater trochanter is demonstrated laterally

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16
Q

What is the correct amount of flexion of the knee and hip for a frog leg?

A

60-70 degrees with the table

17
Q

What is the Radiographic appearance of there is excessive flexion of the knees and hips for a frog leg?

A

Greater trochanter demonstrated medially

18
Q

What is the proper amount of abduction for a frog leg projection?

A

45 degrees

19
Q

T/F
On a frog leg projection, if the is the correct amount of abduction (45degrees) the femoral necks are partially foreshortened and the proximal greater trochanter is at a transverse level halfway between the femoral head and lesser trochanter

20
Q

What will be the Radiographic appearance of insufficient abduction for a frog leg (20-30 degrees)

A

Femoral necks are demonstrated without foreshortening and the prox. GT is at the same transverse level as LT

21
Q

What will be the Radiographic appearance of excessive abduction for a frog leg (20 degrees to table)

A

Prox. Femoral shafts with minimal foreshortening, prox. GT af same transverse level as femoral head, femoral neck demonstrated on end

22
Q

T/F
In a AP oblique Lauenstein, the femoral neck will superimpose the GT and the ischial spine is seen without pelvic brim superimposition

23
Q

What evaluation criteria are used for rotation on AP oblique Lauenstein projections?

A

-ischial spine (superimposed?)
-symph. (Rotated?)
-obturator (narrowed?)

24
Q

What is seen on an upside Judet view (internal oblique - affected side up)

A

Posterior rim

Iliopubic column

25
What is seen on a downside Judet view (external oblique - affected side down)
Anterior rim Ilioischial column
26
-femoral neck demonstrated without foreshortening -greater and lesser trochanter demonstrated at approx. same height -LT in profile posteriorly -GT superimposed by the femoral shaft -ischial tuberosity in field of view
Axiolateral hip
27
How do you obtain an axiolateral without femoral neck foreshortening?
CR must be aligned perpendicular to femoral neck
28
T/F The IR is parallel to the femoral neck for an axiolateral
True
29
Axiolateral Prox. GT is demonstrated prox. To transverse level of LT and is superimposed by a portion of the femoral neck
Angle formed between femur and CR is too large
30
Axiolateral Prox. GT is demonstrated distal to the transverse level of the lesser trochanter *doesn’t happen often because of table and xray tube
The angle between the femur and the CR is too small
31
How will the femoral neck and GT and LT be demonstrated if there is misalignment of the CR and femoral neck Increased angle
-femoral neck foreshortened -GT is closer to femoral head
32
How will the femoral neck and GT and LT be demonstrated if there is misalignment of the CR and femoral neck Decreased angle
-doesn’t happen often -femoral neck foreshortened -GT is further away from femoral head
33
On an Axiolateral with insufficient internal rotation of the foot, how will the trochanters be demonstrated?
GT demonstrated posteriorly LT superimposed over femoral shaft (GT seen posteriorly will increase with external rotation)
34
-elongated and magnified pubic and ischial bones -pubic ischium seen in AP projection -pubic and ischial bones centered to collimation field
AP axial outlet projection
35
-ischial spines demonstrated equal -superimposition of ischium and pubic bones -otter foremen equal in size -ala elongated -pelvic inlet centered
AP axial inlet