Pelvis Flashcards
What bones make up the pelvic girdle?
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
- sacrum
What makes up the Greater (False) pelvis? What is it occupied by?
- it is superior to the pelvic inlet
- Occupied by abdominal Viscera
What makes up the lesser (True) pelvis? What is it occupied by?
- Between pelvic inlet and outlet
- occupied by pelvic viscera and deep perineum
- the floor is the pelvic diaphragm
What is the ischioanal fossa?
-A large fascia-lined wedge shaped space between skin and anal region/pelvic diaphragm
What are the nerve roots of the pudendal nerve?
S2-4
What does the pudendal nerve do?
- sensory afferents from external genitalia and skin around anus and perineum
- motor supply to external uretrhal and anal sphincters
What are the three branches of the pudendal nerve?
- inferior anal nerve
- perineal nerve
- dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris
What are the three branches of the pudendal artery?
- Inferior rectal
- perineal artery
- dorsal artery of penis/clitoris
What does the pudendal artery supply?
-main artery of perineum including muscles and skin of anal & urogenital triangles and erectible bodies
What ligament attaches the anal canal to the coccyx?
-the anococcygeal ligament
Describe the blood supply to the scrotum.
- anterior scrotal arteries of femoral origin
- Posterior scrotal arteries of pudendal origin
Describe the nerve supply to the scrotum.
Anterior:
- ilioinguinal (L1)
- Genitofemoral (L1-2)
Posterior:
-Superficial perineal (S2-4)
What are the two parts of the root of the Penis?
- Two crura of the penis
- the bulb of the penis
Describe the Ligaments of the penis.
- Suspensory ligament: forms sling to anchor the root to the pubic symphysis
- Fundiform ligament descends from linea alba to blend into dartos fascia, forming a scrotal septum
What are the deep arteries of the penis called in the flaccid state?
-Helicine arteries of the penis
What artery supplies blood flow to the skin of the penis?
-Branches of the femoral artery
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the penis?
-pelvic splanchnics (S2-4) to the helicine arteries
What are the three features of the Anal Triangle?
- ischioanal fossa
- Pudendal canal
- Anal Canal
What does the prostate gland empty into?
-the prostatic sinus of the urethral crest
What does the ejaculatory ducts empty into?
-either side of the prostatic utricle of the urethral crest
What is a forward angle between the vagina and cervix called?
Anteversion
What is a forward angle between the cervix and the body of the uterus called?
-anteflexion
What three structures are palpable in the lateral fornix?
- ischial spine
- uterine artery
- Ureter
What structures are palpable from the rectal exam?
- prostate
- seminal vesicles
What space allows the bladder to distend inferiorly?
-retropubic space
Where are the seminal vesicles in releation to the ampullae of the ductus deferens?
-laterally
What are the three levels of pelvic support?
- suspension
- attachment
- fusion
What are the branches of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?
- Ilio-lumbar
- Lateral Sacral
- Superior Gluteal
- (sometimes inferior gluteal)
Where does the ureter run in relation to the uterine and vaginal arteries?
-ureter runs between the uterine and vaginal arteries
What does the uterine artery anastamose with?
-the ovarian artery
What spinal cord levels does the pudendal nerve arise from?
S2-4
Where does lymph from the superior rectum drain?
Inferior Mesenteric Lymph Nodes
Where does lymph from the Middle Rectum drain?
Internal Iliac Lymph Nodes
Where does uterine pain refer to?
upper back
Where does lymph from the Inferior rectum drain?
-Internal Iliac Lymph nodes
Where does lymph from the anal region below the pectinate line drain?
-Suerficial inguinal node
Where does lymph from the Testes drain?
- Paraaortic Lymph Nodes
- Level of L1
What is Alcock’s Canal?
-tunnel within obturator internus fascia, through which the obturator Nerve, artery, and Vein run
