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Term 2: Gross Anatomy > Guts n Stuff > Flashcards

Guts n Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the epiploic foramen?

A

Superior = Liver

Inferior = Duodenum

Posterior = IVC

Anterior = Hepatoduodenal ligament

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2
Q

What composes the portal triad of the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A
  • Hepatic Portal Vein
  • hepatic Artery Proper
  • Common Bile Duct
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3
Q

What structure does the falciform ligament derive from?

A

-the primitive ventral mesentary

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4
Q

What does the obliterated umbilical vein become?

A

-round ligament of the liver -or- ligamentum teres hepatis

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5
Q

Where is the jejunum generally located?

A

-left upper quadrant of the abdomen

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6
Q

Where is the ileum generally located?

A

-right lower quadrant of the abdomen

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7
Q

What are the primarily retroperitoneal structures?

A
  • aorta
  • IVC
  • Kidneys
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8
Q

What are the secondarily retroperitoneal structures?

A
  • duodenum
  • ascending colon
  • descending colon
  • pancreas
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9
Q

What are the three sections of the developing gut tube based on arterial supply?

A
  • foregut = celiac trunk
  • Midgut = superior mesenteric
  • Hindgut = Inferior mesenteric
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10
Q

What composes the forgut?

A

-lower esophagus to 2nd stage of duodenum

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11
Q

What composes the midgut?

A

-2nd stage of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

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12
Q

What composes the hindgut?

A

-distal 1/3 of transverse colon to rectum

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13
Q

What vertebral level is the transpyloric plane?

A

L1

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14
Q

What is located in the transpyloric plane?

A
  • pyloric sphincter
  • gall bladder
  • hilum of left kidney
  • body of the pancreas
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15
Q

What surface feature of the stomach identifies the pylorus?

A

-the angular notch

Angular incisure

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16
Q

What are the folds inside the stomach called?

A

-rugae

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17
Q

What structure is inside the stomach along the lesser curvature?

A

the gastric canal

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18
Q

Which portion of the duodenum receives the bile duct?

A

-2nd stage

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19
Q

What portion of the duodenum is supported by the ligament of treitz?

A

-4th stage

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20
Q

What stages of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?

A

2nd, 3rd, and 4th

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21
Q

A cross section at which vertebral level will cross through the middle portion of the 2nd stage of the duodenum?

A

L2

22
Q

Within what structure does the tail of the pancreas lie?

A

-the lienorenal ligament

23
Q

The main pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct and empties into the duodenum via what structure?

A

-the major duodenal papilla

24
Q

What are the boundaries of the triangle of calot?

A
  • the common hepatic duct
  • the cystic duct
  • the surface of the liver
  • the origin of the cystic artery
25
Q

What is contained within the triangle of calot?

A

the cystic artery

26
Q

What is the real FUNCTIONAL division between the left and right lobes of the liver?

A

-An imaginary line from the gall bladder to the IVC

27
Q

What is the division of the anatomical loves of the liver?

A

The falciform ligament

28
Q

What are the relationships of the spleen?

A
  • kidney
  • diaphragm (and costal diaphragmatic recess)
  • stomach
  • pancreas (Tail)
  • Colic flexure
29
Q

What is ileal Diverticulum, and what are possible contributions of it?

A
  • a remnant of the vitelliine duct is found in 2% of the population
  • sometimes it may still be attached to the umilicus and may serve as a source for twisting or strangulations of the gut tube
30
Q

Around what vertebral level marks the bifurcation of the aorta?

A

L4

31
Q

What is the meandering mesenteric artery of Moskowitz?

A

an anastomotic connection between the middle colic and left colic arteries

32
Q

What are the circular folds on the interior of the small intestine called?

A

-plicae circularis

33
Q

What is the surface marker of the appendix?

A
  • 1/3 of the way between the ASIS and the umbilicus.

- McBurne’s point

34
Q

What is rebound tenderness indicative of?

A

-perotinitis

35
Q

What are the regions of portal/systemic anastomosis?

A
  • around esophagus
  • around the umbilicus
  • around retroperitoneal bowel
  • Veins around the rectum
36
Q

What are esophageal varices?

A

-enlargement of the veins around the esophagus

37
Q

What veins may become enlarged as a result of portal hypertension?

A
  • esophageal veins
  • paraumbilical veins
  • veins of the retroperitoneal body wall (lumbar, azygous, hemiazygous)
  • Rectal veins
38
Q

What is Gerota’s Fascia?

A

-a layer of fascia that surrounds the kidneys posterior to the peritoneum

39
Q

Which is most anterior, renal vein or artery?

A

-Renal vein

40
Q

What is most posterior, renal vasculature or ureter/pelvis?

A

-renal ureter and pelvis

41
Q

What are the three constriction points of the ureters where kidney stones may get stuck?

A
  1. at junction with renal pelvis
  2. at bifurcation of common iliacs
  3. at entry into urinary bladder
42
Q

What is the blood supply to the adrenal glands?

A
  • aorta directly
  • renal arteries
  • inferior phrenic arteries
43
Q

At what vertebral level does the aorta pass posterior to the diaphragm?

A

-T12

44
Q

At what vertebral level does the celiac trunk exit the aorta?

A

T12

45
Q

At what vertebral level is the transpyloric plane?

A

L1

46
Q

At what vertebral level is the hilum of the right kidney and second stage of the duodenum?

A

L2

47
Q

At what vertebral level does the inferior mesenteric artery exit the aorta?

A

L3

48
Q

At what vertebral level does the superior mesenteric artery exit the aorta?

A

L1

49
Q

At what vertebral level does the umbilicus lie?

A

L3/L4

50
Q

At what vertebral level does the aorta bifurcate?

A

L4

51
Q

At what vertebral level does the inferior vena cava form?

A

L5

Term 2: Gross Anatomy (5 decks)

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