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Anatomy > pelvis > Flashcards

pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

what are possible causes of si joint dysfunction?

A

pregnancy, change in gait, different limb length, weakness of lower back muscles

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2
Q

what structure can be used for obstetric measure to see how big the pelvic rim is going to be during childbirth?

A

sacral promontory

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3
Q

ligaments of the sacrum

A

anterior si lig
posterior si lig
sacrotuberous lig
sacrospinous lig

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4
Q

where do contents of greater sciatic foramen go?

A

gluteal region

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5
Q

where do contents of lesser sciatic foramen go?

A

perinuem

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6
Q

contents that go through the obturator canal go where?

A

medial compartment of thigh

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7
Q

degree of angle of pelvic inlet

A

50-60 degrees

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8
Q

degree of angle of pelvic outlet

A

15 degrees

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9
Q

why are there no strict structures separating abdominopelvic cavity?

A

there are no structures that keep contents from shifting

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10
Q

where does the pelvic diaphram attach?

A

the inferior pelvic aperture (pelvic outlet)

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11
Q

sex differences in the pelvis

A

female= oval with ischial spines and tuberosities farther apart
male=heart shaped

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12
Q

subpubic angle female vs male

A

female= greaters than 80 degrees
male= less than 70 degrees

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13
Q

what are the muscles of the lesser pelvis?

A

piriformis
obturator internus
pelvic diaphragm

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14
Q

where is piriformis muscle located and what is on its internal surface?

A

located: posterior wall of lesser pelvis

SACRAL PLEXUS (ventral rami) on its internal surface

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15
Q

where is obturator internus located

A

lateral walls of lateral pelvis

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16
Q

what covers the obturator internus and what is it the convergence point for?

A

covered by obturator fascia on medial (internal) surface

it is the convergance pt for the pelvic diaphragm

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17
Q

what is the purpose of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

closes inferior pelvic aperture and forms pelvic floor

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18
Q

what are the 3 parts of the levator ani?

A

-iliococcygeus
-pubococcygeus
-puborectalis

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19
Q

function of puborectalis

A

maintains anorectal flexure

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20
Q

name the different fibers of the pubococcygeus

*rememeber pubococcygeus is subset of levator ani

A

-pubovaginalis (F)-fibers around vagina
-Puboprostaticus (M)- fibers around prostate
-Puborectalis (F&M)- fibers around rectum

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21
Q

side effects of a weak pelvic diaphragm

A

-urinary stress continence
-bowl incontinence
-uterine prolapse

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22
Q

pelvic pouches in the female

A

-vesicouterine
-rectouterine

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23
Q

pelvic pouch in males

A

rectovesical pouch

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24
Q

once the sigmoid colon comes to an end what structure does it turn in to?

A

the rectum

*lacks teniae coli, haustra, omental appendices

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25
Q

palpable structures in female rectal exam

A

vagina

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26
Q

palpable structures in male rectal exam

A

prostate, seminal vesicles

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27
Q

what is the anorectal flexure maintained by?

A

puborectalis

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28
Q

parasympathetics of rectum

A

stimulates peristalsis

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29
Q

sympathetics of rectum

A

inhibits peristalsis

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30
Q

where do the ureters enter the pelvis?

A

enter pelvis near bifurcation of common iliac vessels into external/internal iliac vessels

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31
Q

what are the ureters inferior to?

A

inferior to uterin artery or ductus deferens?

WATER UNDER THE BRIDGE

32
Q

how do the ureters enter the BLADDER?

A

come in back of bladder at oblique angle

33
Q

what does the bladder do to the ureter when it is full?

A

when bladder is full closes the ureter so no more urine comes in

34
Q

what kind of muscle is the urinary bladder?

A

highly distensible detrusor muscle

35
Q

parasympathetic of the bladder

A

stimulate contraction of bladder

36
Q

trigone

A

are of bladder sensitive to stretch that tells your body when you have to pee

37
Q

sympathetics of bladder

A

stimulates contraction of internal urethral sphincter

38
Q

rugae

A

folds in bladder that are visible when it is empty

39
Q

in what pt populations will a suprapubic incision not enter peritoneal cavity?

A

-babies and childern
-destended bladder in adults

*it will enter bladder

40
Q

broad ligament

A

female pelvic organ
double layer of peritoneum

tethers uterus to lateral walls and floor of pelvis

41
Q

the round ligament of the uterus will travel through which structure to reach the labia majora?

A

the inguinal canal

42
Q

ovulation

A

oocyte expelled from ovaries into peritoneal cavity

43
Q

what is the most common site of ectopic pregnancy?

A

fallopian tubes

44
Q

what is the uterus and vagina located in between?

A

between the bladder and rectus

45
Q

smooth muscle that makes up middle portion of uterine wall

A

myometrium

46
Q

endometrium

A

inner layer of uterus
glandular mucosa
site of implantation
sheds each month

47
Q

structure pap smear sample comes from

A

external os

48
Q

where do testes develop?

A

posterior abdominal wall and descend

49
Q

tunica albuginea

A

fibrous outerlayer of testes

50
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

The seminiferous tubules function to produce sperm, maintain sperm, and store the sperm.

51
Q

rete testis

A

an anastomosing network of delicate tubules located in the hilum of the testicle (mediastinum testis) that carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vasa efferentia which then go to VAS DEFERENS

52
Q

efferent ductules of testis

A

connect rete testis to epididymis

53
Q

epididymis

A

connects testicles to vas deferens

54
Q

ductus deferens

A

a fibromuscular tube that is continuation of the epididymis and is an excretory duct of the testis. Each ductus is 30-45 cm in length and serves to transport sperms cells from the respective epididymis to the ipsilateral ejaculatory duct

55
Q

ductus deferens relative to the ureter

A

courses superior to the ureter

WATER UNDER THE BRIDGE

56
Q

parts of ductus deferens that form ejaculatory duct

A

The seminal vesicle and the end of the ampulla of the ductus deferens merge together to form the ejaculatory duct

57
Q

seminal vesicle palpation

A

seminal vesicles can be palpated through the anterior wall of the rectum

58
Q

path of sperm

A

come in through ampulla of ductus deferens and duct of seminal vesicle

go to ejaculatory duct

and finally to prostatic urethra

59
Q

primary function of prostate

A

the prostate’s primary function is to produce the fluid that nourishes and transports sperm (seminal fluid)

60
Q

what does the prostate gland surround?

A

the prostatic urethra

61
Q

effects of benign hypertrophy in prostate

A

*median lobe
-stretches internal urethral sphincter causing leakage
-pressure on trigone (nocturia)
-can obstruct urethra

62
Q

most common site of prostatic carcinoma

A

posterior lobe

*u can palpate this lobe

63
Q

pelvic arteries

A

-superior rectal artery
-gonadal arteries
-common iliac arteries
-external iliac arteries
-internal iliac arteries

64
Q

branches of internal iliac artery

A

-superior gluteal artery
-inferior gluteal artery
-umbilical artery
-internal pudendal
-obturator artery
-inferior vesical artery
-middle rectal artery
-uterine artery
-vaginal artery

20% of time aberrant obturator artery present

65
Q

arterial supply of rectum

A

-superior rectal artery
BRANCHES IMA
-middle rectal artery
BRANCHES INTERNAL ILIAC
-inferior rectal artery
BRANCHES INTERNAL PUDENDAL

66
Q

arterial supply of uterus

A

-ovarian arteries
-uterine arteries
-vaginal arteries

67
Q

pelvic venous plexuses

A

-prostatic
-uterine
-vaginal
-rectal
-vesical

68
Q

pelvic lymphatics

A

internal iliac nodes
common iliac nodes
lumbar nodes
chyle cistern
thoracic duct

69
Q

where do ovaries and testes drain?

A

directly to lumbar nodes

70
Q

pelvic organ parasympathetics

A

pregang cb- s2-s4 intermediate gray matter
pregang fibers- pelvic splanchnic nerves

postgang cb and fibers-walls of pelvic organs

71
Q

pelvic organs sympathetics

A

pregang cb- lateral horn, thoracolumbar spinal cord
pregang fibers-lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves

post gang cb-superior or inferior hypogastric ganglia
post gang fibers-follow arterial branches

***exceptions are rectum and ovaries/testies

72
Q

inferior mesenteric artery branches from aorta at what vertebral level?

A

L3

73
Q

rectum sympathetic innervation

A

-lateral horn
-lumbar splanchnic nerve

inferior mesenteric ganglion

74
Q

ovary/testes sympathetics

A

pregang cb- lateral horn, thoracolumbar cord
pregang fibers- thoracic splanchnic nerves
post gang cb-superior mesenteric ganglion
post gang fibers- follow gonadal vessels

75
Q

pelvic organ visceral pain

A

follow sympathetic pathway back to spinal cord SUPERIOR TO PELVIC LINE

OR

follow parasympathetic pathway back to spinal cord INFERIOR TO PELVIC LINE

Anatomy (5 decks)

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