Pelvic Viscera

Question 1

What crosses the ureter in males?

Answer 1

the vas deferens

Question 2

What crosses the ureter in females?

Answer 2

the uterine artery

Question 3

Where is the bladder in relation to the pubic bone?

Answer 3

postero superior - when full the bladder can rise above the pubic bone

Question 4

What defines the trigone in the bladder?

Answer 4

the ureters entering at either top corner and the urethra exiting at the bottom corner

Question 5

What does the base of the bladder relate to in males and females?

Answer 5

in males it relates to the rectum and in females it relates to the uterus

Question 6

What is different about the mucosa in the trigone of the bladder?

Answer 6

its smooth

Question 7

What supports the neck of the bladder?

Answer 7

the pubovesical ligament or the puboprostatic ligament - connects the neck of the bladder to the pubic bone anteriorly and the lateral ligament of bladder which connects the lateral walls of the bladder to the lateral walls of the pelvis

Question 8

What are the bilateral male reproductive organs?

Answer 8

testis, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct

Question 9

What are the midline male reproductive organs?

Answer 9

urethra, penis

Question 10

What are the 3 accessory ducts of the male reproductive system?

Answer 10

prostate, seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands

Question 11

What is the epididymis?

Answer 11

a coiled duct on the posterolateral side of the testis, the tail connects to the vas deferens

Question 12

Where are the seminal vesicles and what is their role?

Answer 12

they are located on the posterior aspect of the bladder - their role is secrete alkaline fluid and fructose

Question 13

Where is the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 13

the combined vas deferens and seminal vesicles which enters the prostate gland and opens into the urethra

Question 14

Where is the prostate gland located?

Answer 14

between the neck of the bladder above and levator ani and the perineal membrane below

Question 15

What can be determined about the prostate on a per rectal examination?

Answer 15

size, hardness and contour

Question 16

Which lobe of the prostate tends to be enlarged in benign prostatic hypertrophy and what are the implications of this?

Answer 16

the median lobe - will impact on the urethra and increase the amount of pressure required to urinate

Question 17

What is the size of the uterus?

Answer 17

8x5x3

Question 18

What is the normal position of the uterus?

Answer 18

anteverted and anteflexed

Question 19

What is the fundus of the uterus?

Answer 19

the part of the uterus above the fallopian tubes

Question 20

What is the body of the uterus?

Answer 20

the part of the uterus below the fallopian tubes

Question 21

What is the isthmus of the uterus?

Answer 21

the narrowing at the end of the body of the uterus

Question 22

What is the cervix?

Answer 22

the terminal 2-3cm of the uterus - deliniated by the internal and external os

Question 23

What 3 ligaments stabilise the cervix?

Answer 23

lateral cervical ligaments, uterosacral ligaments and pubocervical ligaments

Question 24

What is the result of weakening of the ligaments that support the cervix?

Answer 24

uterine prolapse

Question 25

What are the different parts of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 25

intramural part, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbria

Question 26

What is the ovarian ligament?

Answer 26

the ligament between the uterus and the ovaries

Question 27

What is the round ligament?

Answer 27

the ligament between the upper angle of the uterus and the inguinal canal

Question 28

Where is the ovary located on the side wall of the pelvis?

Answer 28

where the common iliac bifurcates

Question 29

What is the broad ligament?

Answer 29

the peritoneal covering that connects the sides of the uterus to the walls and floor of the pelvis

Question 30

Why is the anterior wall of the vagina shorter than the posterior wall?

Answer 30

because the vagina is angled backwards

Question 31

What is the vaginal fornix?

Answer 31

the part of the vagina around the cervix - anterior, posterior and lateral

Question 32

What can be palpated in the posterior fornix?

Answer 32

the pouch of douglas

Question 33

What can be palpated in the lateral fornices?

Answer 33

diseased ovaries

Question 34

What marks the beginning of the rectum?

Answer 34

when the tenia coli rejoin to form one continuous longitudinal muscle coat - at the level of S3

Question 35

What is the ampulla of the rectum?

Answer 35

the last part of the rectum thats dilated - for storage

Question 36

Where do the ovarian arteries come from?

Answer 36

branches of the side of the abdominal aorta that enter the pelvis from above

Question 37

Where does the superior rectal artery come from?

Answer 37

its a continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery and enters the pelvis from above

Question 38

What vessel supplies the bladder and where does it come from?

Answer 38

the superior vesical artery - comes from the internal iliac and in males the inferior vesical artery as well which also comes from the internal iliac

Question 39

What is the path of the uterine artery?

Answer 39

branches off the internal iliac - travels via the lateral cervical ligament to the uterus where it turns upwards to meet the ovarian artery

Question 40

What artery reinforces the superior rectal artery?

Answer 40

the middle rectal artery - a branch of the internal iliac

Question 41

What is the superior hypogastric plexus?

Answer 41

the sympathetic nerve fibres that have descended from the lumbar region to supply the pelvic viscera - will give rise to a pair of hypogastric nerves which go to the inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 42

What is the inferior hypogastric plexus?

Answer 42

a combination of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibres that supply the pelvis