Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GIGU Exam 2 > Pelvic & Perineal Gynecology > Flashcards

Pelvic & Perineal Gynecology Flashcards

1
Q

Perineum (Perineal Compartment)

A
  • Shallow cavity between the legs (thigh and gluteal muscles) separated from the pelvic cavity by the pelvic floor
  • Area includes the anus and external genitalia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Contents of Perineum in Males:

A
  • Anus
  • Penis
  • Scrotum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Contents of Perineum in Females:

A
  • Anus
  • Mons pubis
  • Labia Majora
  • Labia Minora
  • Structures within the vaginal vestibule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mons Pubis (Mons Veneris)

A
  • Pad of subcutaneous adipose in front of the pubic symphysis (anterior pelvis)
  • During puberty, fat increases and coarse hair develops due to estrogen levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Labium Majus

A
  • Paired structure
  • Sizable skin folds that protect midline structures (pudendal cleft)
  • Outer (lateral part) labia is covered with hair, is pigmented and contains sebaceous glands
  • Inner Labium (towards midline) is smooth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is inside the labia majora?

A
  • Adipose tissue
  • Muscle (dartos labialis)
  • Insertion of the round ligament of the uterus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Labia Majora is the homolog to the ___ in the male

A

Scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Labia Majora: Anterior Labial Commisure

A

Joins the two labium majus anteriorly near the mons pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Labia Majora: Posterior Labial Commissure

A
  • Point where the left and right labium majus come together and end the pudendum
  • Located near the anus and overlies the perineal body
  • In a nulliparous woman this structure is a palpable ridge; disappears after vaginal birth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pudendal Cleft

A
  • Portion of the female genitalia surrounded laterally by the labia majora
  • From an anterior view it appears as a groove along the midline between the legs
  • Includes the labia minora, clitoris, and vaginal vestibule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Labia Minus

A
  • Paired rounded folds of hairless skin that surround the vestibule of the vagina found within the pudendal cleft
  • Vary in shape and size
  • Increase in size during sexual arousal due to presence of erectile tissue within them
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fenulum of the Clitoris

A
  • Medial lamina of the labia minora unite to form this structure
  • Located below the clitoris when viewed during a perineal exam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prepuce of the Clitoris (Foreskin of the Clitoris, Clitoral Hood)

A
  • Lateral lamina of the labia minora unite to form this structure
  • Located above the glans clitoris and can variably surround it because of its variable shape and size
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Frenulum of the Labia Minora (Fourchette)

A
  • Small fold of skin connecting both sides of the labia minora posteriorly
  • Located near the posterior labial commissure of the labia majora (close to the anus) within the labia majora folds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clitoris

A
  • Erectile organ at the anterior junction of the labia minora (pudendal cleft) within the urogenital triangle
  • Runs from the labia minora junction posteriorly to the pubic symphysis
  • Runs laterally to the left and right superficial perineal pouch
  • Becomes enlarged during sexual arousal because it fills with blood (erectile tissue)
  • Highly vascularized (internal Pudendal A) and innervated (Pudendal N) to carry out the arousal response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The clitoris is the homolog to the ____ in males

A

Penis (Corpora Cavernosa)

** unlike the penis which has roles in repro and urinary systems, the clitoris is only for sexual response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glans Clitoris

A
  • Projection of the clitoris into the perineum
  • The only visible part of the clitoris during a gyn exam
  • High innervation here helps with sexual arousal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Body of the Clitoris

A
  • Consists of two corpus cavernosum (erectile tissue) that fill with blood during an erectile response
  • Runs between the glans and the angle (from the external perineal surface to the pubic symphysis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Suspensory Ligament of the Clitoris

A
  • Extends from the pubic symphysis to the body of the clitoris to support the structure
  • Provides a path for neurovasculature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Angle of the Clitoris

A
  • A bend that occurs as the clitoris changes direction in front of the pubic symphysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does the Corpora Cavernosa separate to form the Crus of the Clitoris?

A

At the angle of the clitoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where does the Crus of Clitoris attach?

A

Left and Right Ischiopubic Rami and Perineal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Crus of the Clitoris

A
  • Made of corpus cavernosum erectile tissue
  • Located deep to the ischiocavernosus muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vestibule of the Vagina

A
  • Area of the pudendal cleft, enclosed by the labia minora, contains the external urethra orifice, vaginial orifice and associated glands
  • Located along the midline of the body, medial to the thighs within the urogenital triangle, and inferior to the pelvic cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

External Urethral Orifice

A
  • First of the three holes found within the perineum
  • Located posteroinferior to the glans clitoris
  • Where the urethra drains urine
  • Not part of the women’s reproductive system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Vaginal Orifice (Introitus)

A
  • Opening of the vagina into the vestibule
  • Serves as a passageway to and from the internal reproductive organs (vagina and uterus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hymen

A
  • Thin fold of mucus membrane that covers the vaginal orifice
  • Highly variable in shape and size
  • Once damage, remnants called the hymenal caruncle may be seen
  • If this is a solid membrane, issues may arise during menarche
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Bulb of the Vestibule

A
  • Paired erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) laying on either side of the vaginal orifice, deep to the labia minora
  • Run from the clitoris towards the perineal body
  • Located deep to the bulbospongiosus muscle
29
Q

Bulb of the Vestibule is the homolog to the ___ of the ___ in males

A

Bulb of the Penis (Corpus Spongiosum)

30
Q

Greater Vestibular Gland (Bartholin’s Gland)

A
  • Set of paired glands lying deep within the superficial perineal pouch
  • Located lateral and posterior to the vaginal orifice and pass deep to the bulbs of the vestibule
  • The ducts of this gland opens on either side of the vaginal orifice and secrete mucus into the vaginal vestibule during sexual arousal, providing lubrication
31
Q

Greater Vestibule Gland is a homolog to the ___ ___ in males

A

Bulbourethral Gland

32
Q

Paraurethral Gland (Lesser Vestibule Gland, Skene’s Glands)

A
  • Set of paired glands located on either side of the urethra in front of the vagina
  • Ducts of this gland open between the urethral and vaginal orifices
  • Secrete into the vestibule and the urethra, providing moisturization
  • Secretions from this gland are often referred to as the female ejaculate
33
Q

Paraurethral Glands are the homolog to the ___ ___ in males

A

Prostate Gland

34
Q

Vagina

A
  • Musculomembranous tube within the pelvis
  • Travels between the inferior part of the uterus (cervix) to the vaginal orifice by traveling through the urogenital hiatus
  • Flat tube except near the cervix of the uterus but it is distendable (rugae present to help with expansion) to allow for different functions
  • Lies between the urethra and rectum
  • Supported by the pelvic diaphragm and several ligaments
35
Q

Vaginal Fornix

A
  • Part of the vagina encircling the cervix of the uterus
  • Doesn’t flatten
  • Divided into 4 parts: anterior fornix, posterior fornix, and two lateral fornices
  • Slightly larger/deeper in the posterior fornix
36
Q

Uterus

A
  • Thick walled, muscular, pear-shaped, hollow organ whose primary function is procreation
  • Located within the pelvis; anteverted (tipped forward) and anteflexed (bent at cervix) so it lies on the bladder
  • Supported physically and neurovascularly by ligaments
  • Consists of a body and a cervix
37
Q

Broad Ligament of the Uterus

A
  • Double layer of peritoneum extending from the sides of the uterus to the lateral pelvic walls and the pelvic floor
38
Q

Round Ligament of the Uterus

A
  • Remnant of the ovarian gubernaculum
  • Left and right ligaments anchor the lateral aspect of the left and right uterus, and run through the broad ligament
  • They pass outside the body via the inguinal canal (enter at deep inguinal ring and exit at superficial inguinal ring) to anchor in the labia majora
39
Q

Body of the Uterus

A
  • Superior portion of the uterus
  • Its axis is anteverted (tipped forward) causing it to lie on top of the bladder
  • Due to the influence of hormones, the body becomes larger than the cervix
40
Q

Fundus of the Uterus

A
  • Rounded upper portion of the body of the uterus that is furthest from the vagina
  • Located superior to the connection of the uterine tunes with the uterus (uterine horns)
41
Q

Uterine Horns

A

Superolateral part of the uterus where the uterine tubes enter the uterus (uterine ostium); x2

42
Q

Isthmus of the Uterus

A
  • Constricted lower portion of the uterine body that leads into the second part of the uterus, the cervix
  • Helps to visually mark the internal os from the external aspect of the uterus
43
Q

Uterine Cavity

A

The empty, potential space inside the body of the uterus; lined with endometrium

44
Q

Internal Os of the Uterus

A
  • Opening at the transition of the body of the uterus into the cervix
  • The passage from the uterine cavity into the cervical canal
45
Q

Uterine Wall

A
  • Body of the uterine wall is composed of 3 distinct tissue layers that allow the uterus to carry out its functions
  • Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endometrium
46
Q

Perimetrium

A
  • Outermost (superficial) layer of the uterus
  • Comprised of serosal tissue (peritoneum) or adventitia (lower aspects)
47
Q

Myometrium

A
  • Middle layer; thickest layer of the uterus
  • Made up of smooth muscle
  • Highly vascularized
  • Increases during pregnancy
48
Q

Endometrium

A
  • Innermost (deepest) uterine layer (lining the uterine cavity)
  • Changes in thickness and composition depending on hormones (menstrual cycle)
  • Serves as the site of implantation if fertilization of the oocyte occurs
  • Shed if implantation does not occur
49
Q

Cervix

A
  • Lower portion of the uterus that is partially surrounded by and opens into the vagina
  • Part of the uterus, but its composition is different from the uterine body (more fibrous) allowing it to fulfill separate functions
50
Q

Supravaginal Part of the Cervix

A

Upper part of the cervix between the isthmus of the uterus and the vagina (superior to the vagina)

51
Q

Vaginal Part of the Cervix

A

Part of the cervix that lies within the vagina surrounded by the vaginal fornix

52
Q

Cervical Canal

A
  • Extension of the uterine cavity (open space) from the body of the uterus into the cervix
  • Demarcated by openings on either end (internal and external os)
53
Q

External Os of the Uterus (Cervix)

A
  • Orifice where the cervical canal ends opening the canal into the vagina
  • Provides passage from the uterus into the vagina and vice versa
54
Q

Ovaries

A
  • Paired, almond-shaped, white-ish (due to tunica albuginea) organs
  • Surface of each becomes scarred throughout a woman’s life as the ovum is released from it
  • Serve as endocrine glands for hormones and produce/release oocytes
  • Located lateral to the uterus within the pelvis near the cecum and sigmoid colon
55
Q

Mesovarium

A

Part of the Broad Ligament (perimetrium) that holds the ovaries in place

56
Q

Ligament of the Ovary (Ovarian Ligament)

A
  • Connects the ovary to the uterus
  • Runs from the uterine surface of the ovary (proximal surface) to the body of the uterus, just below the connection of the uterine tube to the uterus
  • Remnant of the ovarian gubernaculum, extending through the mesometrium (part of the broad ligament)
57
Q

Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary

A
  • Fold in the peritoneum providing the passageway for the ovarian vessels and nerve supply to the ovary
  • Runs from the lateral pelvic wall to the ovary
58
Q

Uterine Tube (Oviducts, Fallopian Tubes)

A
  • Left and right ducts conduct the secondary oocyte from the periovarian peritoneal cavity to the uterus using peristalsis and cilia
  • Connects to the uterus near the fundus (uterine horn)
  • Serves as the common site of fertilization of the oocyte by sperm
  • Divided between four parts
59
Q

Mesosalpinx

A
  • Part of the Broad Ligament holding the uterine tube in place
  • Found on the free anterosuperior edge of the broad ligament
60
Q

4 Sections of the Uterine Tube:

A
  • Infundibulum
  • Ampulla
  • Isthmus
  • Uterine Part (Intramural Part)
61
Q

Infundibulum of the Uterine Tube

A
  • Funnel-shaped distal end of the uterine tube
  • Opens into the peritoneal cavity to receive the oocyte from the ovary
  • Connects to the ampulla portion of the uterine tube proximally
62
Q

Infundibulum: Abdominal Ostium

A
  • Opening of the uterine tube into the peritoneal cavity
  • Allows the oocyte to move from the cavity after its release from the ovary
63
Q

Infundibulum: Fimbriae

A
  • Finger-like projections of the infundibulum that help move the oocyte from the ovary into the uterine tube
  • Often surround or drape around the ovary
64
Q

Ovarian Fimbria

A
  • One long, finger-like structure that attaches to the superior portion of the ovary
  • Anchors the infundibulum of the uterine tube to the ovary
65
Q

Ampulla of the Uterine Tube

A
  • Widest and longest uterine tube portion (2/3rds of the tube) between the infundibulum and the isthmus
  • Where fertilization typically occurs
66
Q

Isthmus of the Uterine Tube

A
  • Narrowest part of the uterine tube
  • Located just before the uterine tube enters the uterus at the uterine horn
  • Between the ampulla and uterine parts
67
Q

Uterine Part (Intramural Part) of the Uterine Tube

A
  • Proximal part passes through the wall of the uterus allowing the oocyte into the uterine cavity
  • Travels through the myometrium, so it is not seen outside of the uterus like the other sections
  • Located in the uterine horn area of the body of the uterus
68
Q

Uterine Ostium

A

Opening of the uterine tuber into the uterine cavity allowing the oocyte passage into the uterus (uterine cavity) from the uterine tube

GIGU Exam 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions