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GIGU Exam 2 > Pelvic Osteology & Anthology > Flashcards

Pelvic Osteology & Anthology Flashcards

1
Q

Greater Pelvis

A
  • Upper portion of the pelvis (ilium) associated with the abdominal viscera
  • No marked distinction between this and the abdominal cavity
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2
Q

Greater Pelvis is separated from the Lesser Pelvis by the ___ ___ which includes:

A

Pelvic Brim
- Sacral Promontory
- Margin of the Sacral Ala
- Arcuate Line of the Ilium
- Pectineal Line (Pectin Pubis)
- Pubic Crest

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3
Q

Location where the division between the Greater and Lesser Pelvis occurs:

A

Pelvic Inlet

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4
Q

Lesser Pelvis

A
  • Lower portion of the pelvis, below the pelvic brim
  • Houses the pelvic viscera and perineum
  • Tilts posteriorly and is not directly in line with the abdominal cavity
  • Peritoneum reflects off the top of the organs (subperitoneal organs)
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5
Q

The ___ ___ separates the inferior aspect of the Lesser Pelvis from the External Perineum (Pelvic Outlet)

A

Pelvic Diaphragm

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6
Q

What 4 Bones Make-up the Pelvic Girdle (Bony Pelvis)?

A
  • Left Os Coxa
  • Right Os Coxa
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
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7
Q

Pelvic Girdle (Bony Pelvis)

A
  • Provides the attachment for the lower limb and its associated muscles to the trunk
  • Allows weight distribution via the femur
  • Girdle and pelvic contents vary on sex (influences of hormones and development)
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8
Q

3 Bones that Make-up the Os Coxa

A
  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubis
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9
Q

Os Coxa

A
  • Ilium, Ischium and Pubis fuse to form this bone
  • All 3 bones come together at the Acetabulum
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10
Q

Ischium

A
  • Inferoposterior bone of the Os Coxa
  • Referred to as your sitting bone as pressure is applied to this area during sitting
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11
Q

Body of the Ischium

A

Part of the bone that creates part of the acetabulum

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12
Q

Body of Ischium: Ischial Tuberosity

A
  • Roughened posteroinferior aspect of the bone
  • Serves as an attachment point for eh extensor muscles of the thigh
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13
Q

Body of the Ischium: Ischial Spine

A
  • Small medial projection located where the body and the ramus of the bone come together
  • Where the sacrospinous ligament attaches
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14
Q

Ischial Spine: Greater Sciatic Notch

A
  • Large concavity between the ilium and the ischial spine on the posteroinferior aspect of the os coxa
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15
Q

What passes through the Greater Sciatic Notch?

A
  • Piriformis muscle
  • Neurovasculature
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16
Q

Ischial Spine: Lesser Sciatic Notch

A
  • Small concavity between the ischial spine and the ischial tuberosity
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17
Q

What passes through the Lesser Sciatic Notch?

A

Obturator Internus

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18
Q

Ramus of the Ischium (Ischial Ramus)

A
  • Creates part of the obturator foramen
  • Meets up with the pubic bone on the inferior aspect of the ox coxa to create the ischiopubic ramus
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19
Q

Ilium

A
  • Superior, fan-shaped bone of the os Coxa
  • Located above the Acetabulum where the femur attaches
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20
Q

Iliac Ala (Ala of the Ilium)

A
  • Upper, broad part of the Ilium that creates the greater pelvis internally (houses the abdominal viscera)
  • Iliac Crest marks its upper boundary and the Iliac body is inferior to it
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21
Q

Iliac Ala: Gluteal Line

A
  • Set of three ridges (anterior, posterior, inferior)
  • Located on the external surface of the iliac ala
  • Associated with the gluteal muscles
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22
Q

Iliac Ala: Iliac Fossa

A
  • Internal, concave surface of the Iliac Ala
  • Lies between the Iliac Crest and Arcuate Line
  • Iliacus muscle helps to fill the fossa
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23
Q

Iliac Crest (Crest of the Ilium)

A
  • Most superior portion of the Iliac Ala and is shaped like an ā€œsā€
  • Serves as an attachment point for abdominal muscles
  • Marked anteriorly by the ASIS and posteriorly by the PSIS
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24
Q

Iliac Crest: Iliac Tubercle

A
  • Lateral bulge along the Iliac Crest, at its widest point
  • Line drawn btwn the left and right tubercles creates the Transtubercular plane
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25
Iliac Crest: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
- Most anterior aspect of the Iliac Crest - Attachment point for the Inguinal ligament and sartorius muscle - Below this is the anterior inferior iliac spine
26
Iliac Crest: Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
- Located on posterior aspect of the Iliac Crest - Attachment point for the posterior sacroiliac ligament and muscles
27
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)
- Located below the ASIS, right above the acetabulum - Attachment point for the Rectus Femoris muscle and Iliofemoral Ligament of the hip
28
Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (PIIS)
- Located below the PSIS - Below this structure is the the Greater Sciatic Notch and the Auricular Surface is anterior to it - Helps in anchoring the Sacrotuberous ligament
29
Arcuate Line of the Ilium
- Internal feature located on the inferior aspect of the Ilium, below the Iliac Fossa - Runs towards the Pectineal Line of the Pubis creating the Iliopectineal Line - Marks the separation between the greater and lesser pelvis (pelvic brim) - Below this structure in the lesser pelvis, is the pelvic viscera (pelvic cavity)
30
Auricular Surface of the Ilium
- Attachment point of the anteroposterior surface of the Ilium, posterior to the Iliac Fossa - the sacrum (auricular surface of the sacrum) attaches here creating the sacroiliac joint
31
Auricular Surface of the Ilium: Iliac Tuberosity
- Located superior to the auricular surface on the posteroanterior aspect of the Ilium - Serves as an attachment point for the sacroiliac ligaments
32
Pubis
- Anterior-most bone of the Ox Cova and is inferior - Attachment point for abdominal wall muscles - Joins with the other pubis via the pubic symphysis
33
Body of the Pubis
Anterior-most aspect of the pubis and os coxa
34
Body of the Pubis: Pubic Symphyseal Surface
- Located on the most medial aspect of the pubic body - Serves as an attachment point for the interpubic disc (fibrocartilage)
35
Body of the Pubis: Pubic Crest
- Expansion on the anterosuperior part of the body of the pubis - Located next to the pubic symphysis
36
Pubic Crest: Pubic Tubercle
- Located at the lateral end of the pubic crest - Serves as the attachment point for the inguinal ligament
37
Pubis: superior Pubic Ramus (Iliopubic Ramus)
- Superior portion of Pubis - Helps create the acetabulum - On the inferior aspect near the obturator foramen is a ridge of bone (obturator crest) and depression (obturator groove) that help transmit the neurovasculature from inside of the pelvic cavity to the outside
38
Superior Pubic Ramus: Pectineal Line (Pectin Pubis)
- Ridge of bone on the inferior surface of the pubis - Extends toward the arcuate line of the ilium (junction: iliopubic eminence) to create the pelvic brim
39
Pubis: Inferior Pubic Ramus (Ischiopubic Ramus)
- Inferior portion of the pubis that meets up with the Ramus of the Ischium - Bar of bone that creates the inferior boundary of the obturator foramen
40
Sacrum
- Triangular bone creating the posterior aspect of the pelvic girdle and pelvic cavity - Superior to this bone is L5 - Inferior to this bone is the Coccyx - On either side of this bone laterally are the ilium (auricular surface) - Created by five fused sacra vertebrae (fusion complete during adolescence) - Curves anteriorly although the curvature may vary between people and sex
41
Sacrum: Sacral Ala
- Lateral aspect of the superior sacrum that projects laterally towards the Ilium - Wing-line appearance
42
Sacrum: Sacral Promontory
- Projection of the first sacral vertebrae, anteriorly towards the pelvic cavity along the midline - Helps to mark the pelvic brim along with the Arcuate Line of the Ilium and Pectineal Line of the Pubis
43
Auricular Surface of the Sacrum
- C-shaped surface on the lateral aspect of the sacrum, extending from the ala - Meets with the Auricular Surface of the Ilium to create the SI Joint - Ear-like appearance
44
Sacrum: Sacral Tuberosity
- Roughened area of bone - Located on the posterolateral aspect of the sacrum, posterior to the auricular surface - Serves as an articulation point for the ligaments of the SI Joint
45
Sacrum: Sacral Foramina
Holes along the anterior and posterior surface of the sacral body that allows the sacral nerves to exit
46
Coccyx
- Inferior bone found in the pelvic girdle - Located below the Sacrum (Sacrococcygeal Joint-Cartilaginous) - Made up of 3-5 fused vertebrae that decrease in size inferiorly - Provides an anchoring point for muscles and ligaments
47
Sacroiliac Joint (SI Joint)
- Provides stability to the main axis of the body and weight transfer between the trunk and limbs - The posterior articulation of the pelvic girdle where the two os coxa join the sacrum (auricular surface of the medial ilium to the auricular surface of the lateral sacrum)
48
SI Joint: Auricular Surface
- Auricular surface of the Ilium, located on its posteromedial surface - Articulates with the lateral aspect of the sacrum at its auricular surface -- the surfaces interlock making this synovial joint not very mobile
49
SI Joint: Tuberosity
- Tuberosity of the Ilium (located above the Auricular Surface) has a syndesmosis between it and the tuberosity on the lateral aspect of the sacrum
50
SI Joint: Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament
Part of the fibrous capsule associated with the synovial joint of the SI Joint
51
SI Joint: Interosseous Sacroiliac Ligament
- Ligaments that run between the tuberosities and help with weight transfer between the sacrum and the ilium
52
SI Joint: Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament
- Most external layer of the fibrous ligaments going between the tuberosities of the SI Joint - Can be divided into 2 parts: Long, Short
53
Long Posterior SI Ligaments
- Origin: PSIS and Median Sacral Crest - Insertion: Sacrotuberous Ligament
54
Short Posterior SI Ligaments
- Origin: Median Sacral Crest - Insertion: PSIS and Iliac Tuberosity
55
Sacrotuberous Ligament
- Runs from the Posterior Ilium, Lateral Sacrum and Coccyx to the Ischial Tuberosity - Closes the Greater Sciatic Notch (along with the Sacrospinous Ligament inferiorly) to create the Greater Sciatic Foramen - Helps counterbalance rotation that may occur with the sacrum and increases the support within the SI Joint
56
Sacrospinous Ligament
- Runs from the Anterior Sacrum and Coccyx to the Ischial Spine - Helps separate the Greater Sciatic Foramen from the Lesser Sciatic Foramen - Provides support to the SI Joint
57
Obturator Membrane
- Covers the Obturator Foramen created by the Pubis and Ischium - Provides strength for the Pelvic Girdle while reducing the weight of the hip bones - There is a small gap at the superior aspect that creates the Obturator Canal allowing the passage of the neurovasculature out of the pelvic cavity
58
Inguinal Ligament
- Infolding of the External Oblique Aponeurosis - Provides part of structure of the inguinal canal (spermatic cord passes thru here in males, round L of uterus passes thru here in females) - Runs from ASIS (Ilium) to the Pubic Tubercle (Pubis)
59
Pubic Symphysis
- Anterior articulation of the pelvic girdle where the two os coxa bones come together - Cartilaginous joint with fibrocartilage (interpubic disc) separating the two bones symphyseal surface - Supported by Superior and Inferior Pubic Ligaments
60
Pubic Symphysis: Superior Pubic Ligament
Runs from Pubic Tubercle to Pubic Tubercle
61
Pubic Symphysis: Inferior Pubic Ligament (Arcuate Pubic Ligament)
Runs from one side of the pubic arch to the other
62
Supravesical Fossa
- Depression located between the Median and Medial Umbilical Folds on the internal surface of the Anterior Abdominal Wall - Created as the peritoneum reflects on the surface of the urinary bladder (apex) - Gutter between the urinary bladder and abdominal wall that changes size based on the fullness of the urinary bladder
63
Paravesical Fossa
- Set of paired depressions on the lateral aspects of the urinary bladder as the peritoneum drapes down on the urinary bladder's sides and to the lateral walls of the pelvis - Peritoneal covering over urinary bladder
64
Rectovesical Pouch
- in males (or females w/o a uterus), the peritoneum covers the posterior aspect of the urinary bladder (and associated structures creating the ureteric folds) and then reflects onto the anterior surface of the rectum - Small Intestine can be found in this space - Within this space is loose (areolar and adipose) connective tissue that allows the pelvic viscera to expand
65
Vesicouterine Pouch
- Fold of the peritoneum located between the posterior urinary bladder and the isthmus of the uterus (separates the body of the uterus from the cervix) - Uterus lies on top of the bladder making this a pocket-like structure - Within this space is loose (areolar and adipose) connective tissue to allow the pelvic viscera to expand
66
Broad Ligament
- Double layer of peritoneum (mesentery) - Extends from lateral pelvic walls to the uterus, enclosing the uterus, uterine tubes, Round L of the Uterus, and Ligament of the Ovary - 3 Parts: Mesometrium, Mesosalpinx, Mesovarium
67
Broad Ligament: Mesometrium
- Part of the Broad L that supports the uterus - Also surrounds the Ligament of the Ovary and Round L of the Uterus
68
Broad Ligament: Mesosalpinx
Part of the Broad L that supports the Uterine Tubes
69
Broad Ligament: Mesovarium
Part of the Broad L that supports the Ovaries
70
Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary
Prolonged lateral extension from the ovary, enclosing the ovarian vessels
71
Rectouterine Pouch (Pouch of Douglas)
- Depression created as the peritoneum goes from the posterior aspect of the uterus and the vagina to the anterior rectum - Continues laterally as the Pararectal Fossa - Within this space is loose (areolar and adipose) connective tissue to allow the pelvic viscera to expand

GIGU Exam 2 (9 decks)

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