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GIGU Exam 2 > Pelvic Osteology & Anthology > Flashcards

Pelvic Osteology & Anthology Flashcards

1
Q

Greater Pelvis

A
  • Upper portion of the pelvis (ilium) associated with the abdominal viscera
  • No marked distinction between this and the abdominal cavity
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2
Q

Greater Pelvis is separated from the Lesser Pelvis by the ___ ___ which includes:

A

Pelvic Brim
- Sacral Promontory
- Margin of the Sacral Ala
- Arcuate Line of the Ilium
- Pectineal Line (Pectin Pubis)
- Pubic Crest

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3
Q

Location where the division between the Greater and Lesser Pelvis occurs:

A

Pelvic Inlet

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4
Q

Lesser Pelvis

A
  • Lower portion of the pelvis, below the pelvic brim
  • Houses the pelvic viscera and perineum
  • Tilts posteriorly and is not directly in line with the abdominal cavity
  • Peritoneum reflects off the top of the organs (subperitoneal organs)
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5
Q

The ___ ___ separates the inferior aspect of the Lesser Pelvis from the External Perineum (Pelvic Outlet)

A

Pelvic Diaphragm

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6
Q

What 4 Bones Make-up the Pelvic Girdle (Bony Pelvis)?

A
  • Left Os Coxa
  • Right Os Coxa
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
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7
Q

Pelvic Girdle (Bony Pelvis)

A
  • Provides the attachment for the lower limb and its associated muscles to the trunk
  • Allows weight distribution via the femur
  • Girdle and pelvic contents vary on sex (influences of hormones and development)
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8
Q

3 Bones that Make-up the Os Coxa

A
  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubis
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9
Q

Os Coxa

A
  • Ilium, Ischium and Pubis fuse to form this bone
  • All 3 bones come together at the Acetabulum
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10
Q

Ischium

A
  • Inferoposterior bone of the Os Coxa
  • Referred to as your sitting bone as pressure is applied to this area during sitting
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11
Q

Body of the Ischium

A

Part of the bone that creates part of the acetabulum

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12
Q

Body of Ischium: Ischial Tuberosity

A
  • Roughened posteroinferior aspect of the bone
  • Serves as an attachment point for eh extensor muscles of the thigh
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13
Q

Body of the Ischium: Ischial Spine

A
  • Small medial projection located where the body and the ramus of the bone come together
  • Where the sacrospinous ligament attaches
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14
Q

Ischial Spine: Greater Sciatic Notch

A
  • Large concavity between the ilium and the ischial spine on the posteroinferior aspect of the os coxa
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15
Q

What passes through the Greater Sciatic Notch?

A
  • Piriformis muscle
  • Neurovasculature
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16
Q

Ischial Spine: Lesser Sciatic Notch

A
  • Small concavity between the ischial spine and the ischial tuberosity
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17
Q

What passes through the Lesser Sciatic Notch?

A

Obturator Internus

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18
Q

Ramus of the Ischium (Ischial Ramus)

A
  • Creates part of the obturator foramen
  • Meets up with the pubic bone on the inferior aspect of the ox coxa to create the ischiopubic ramus
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19
Q

Ilium

A
  • Superior, fan-shaped bone of the os Coxa
  • Located above the Acetabulum where the femur attaches
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20
Q

Iliac Ala (Ala of the Ilium)

A
  • Upper, broad part of the Ilium that creates the greater pelvis internally (houses the abdominal viscera)
  • Iliac Crest marks its upper boundary and the Iliac body is inferior to it
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21
Q

Iliac Ala: Gluteal Line

A
  • Set of three ridges (anterior, posterior, inferior)
  • Located on the external surface of the iliac ala
  • Associated with the gluteal muscles
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22
Q

Iliac Ala: Iliac Fossa

A
  • Internal, concave surface of the Iliac Ala
  • Lies between the Iliac Crest and Arcuate Line
  • Iliacus muscle helps to fill the fossa
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23
Q

Iliac Crest (Crest of the Ilium)

A
  • Most superior portion of the Iliac Ala and is shaped like an “s”
  • Serves as an attachment point for abdominal muscles
  • Marked anteriorly by the ASIS and posteriorly by the PSIS
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24
Q

Iliac Crest: Iliac Tubercle

A
  • Lateral bulge along the Iliac Crest, at its widest point
  • Line drawn btwn the left and right tubercles creates the Transtubercular plane
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25
Q

Iliac Crest: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

A
  • Most anterior aspect of the Iliac Crest
  • Attachment point for the Inguinal ligament and sartorius muscle
  • Below this is the anterior inferior iliac spine
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26
Q

Iliac Crest: Posterior Superior Iliac Spine

A
  • Located on posterior aspect of the Iliac Crest
  • Attachment point for the posterior sacroiliac ligament and muscles
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27
Q

Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)

A
  • Located below the ASIS, right above the acetabulum
  • Attachment point for the Rectus Femoris muscle and Iliofemoral Ligament of the hip
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28
Q

Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (PIIS)

A
  • Located below the PSIS
  • Below this structure is the the Greater Sciatic Notch and the Auricular Surface is anterior to it
  • Helps in anchoring the Sacrotuberous ligament
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29
Q

Arcuate Line of the Ilium

A
  • Internal feature located on the inferior aspect of the Ilium, below the Iliac Fossa
  • Runs towards the Pectineal Line of the Pubis creating the Iliopectineal Line
  • Marks the separation between the greater and lesser pelvis (pelvic brim)
  • Below this structure in the lesser pelvis, is the pelvic viscera (pelvic cavity)
30
Q

Auricular Surface of the Ilium

A
  • Attachment point of the anteroposterior surface of the Ilium, posterior to the Iliac Fossa
  • the sacrum (auricular surface of the sacrum) attaches here creating the sacroiliac joint
31
Q

Auricular Surface of the Ilium: Iliac Tuberosity

A
  • Located superior to the auricular surface on the posteroanterior aspect of the Ilium
  • Serves as an attachment point for the sacroiliac ligaments
32
Q

Pubis

A
  • Anterior-most bone of the Ox Cova and is inferior
  • Attachment point for abdominal wall muscles
  • Joins with the other pubis via the pubic symphysis
33
Q

Body of the Pubis

A

Anterior-most aspect of the pubis and os coxa

34
Q

Body of the Pubis: Pubic Symphyseal Surface

A
  • Located on the most medial aspect of the pubic body
  • Serves as an attachment point for the interpubic disc (fibrocartilage)
35
Q

Body of the Pubis: Pubic Crest

A
  • Expansion on the anterosuperior part of the body of the pubis
  • Located next to the pubic symphysis
36
Q

Pubic Crest: Pubic Tubercle

A
  • Located at the lateral end of the pubic crest
  • Serves as the attachment point for the inguinal ligament
37
Q

Pubis: superior Pubic Ramus (Iliopubic Ramus)

A
  • Superior portion of Pubis
  • Helps create the acetabulum
  • On the inferior aspect near the obturator foramen is a ridge of bone (obturator crest) and depression (obturator groove) that help transmit the neurovasculature from inside of the pelvic cavity to the outside
38
Q

Superior Pubic Ramus: Pectineal Line (Pectin Pubis)

A
  • Ridge of bone on the inferior surface of the pubis
  • Extends toward the arcuate line of the ilium (junction: iliopubic eminence) to create the pelvic brim
39
Q

Pubis: Inferior Pubic Ramus (Ischiopubic Ramus)

A
  • Inferior portion of the pubis that meets up with the Ramus of the Ischium
  • Bar of bone that creates the inferior boundary of the obturator foramen
40
Q

Sacrum

A
  • Triangular bone creating the posterior aspect of the pelvic girdle and pelvic cavity
  • Superior to this bone is L5
  • Inferior to this bone is the Coccyx
  • On either side of this bone laterally are the ilium (auricular surface)
  • Created by five fused sacra vertebrae (fusion complete during adolescence)
  • Curves anteriorly although the curvature may vary between people and sex
41
Q

Sacrum: Sacral Ala

A
  • Lateral aspect of the superior sacrum that projects laterally towards the Ilium
  • Wing-line appearance
42
Q

Sacrum: Sacral Promontory

A
  • Projection of the first sacral vertebrae, anteriorly towards the pelvic cavity along the midline
  • Helps to mark the pelvic brim along with the Arcuate Line of the Ilium and Pectineal Line of the Pubis
43
Q

Auricular Surface of the Sacrum

A
  • C-shaped surface on the lateral aspect of the sacrum, extending from the ala
  • Meets with the Auricular Surface of the Ilium to create the SI Joint
  • Ear-like appearance
44
Q

Sacrum: Sacral Tuberosity

A
  • Roughened area of bone
  • Located on the posterolateral aspect of the sacrum, posterior to the auricular surface
  • Serves as an articulation point for the ligaments of the SI Joint
45
Q

Sacrum: Sacral Foramina

A

Holes along the anterior and posterior surface of the sacral body that allows the sacral nerves to exit

46
Q

Coccyx

A
  • Inferior bone found in the pelvic girdle
  • Located below the Sacrum (Sacrococcygeal Joint-Cartilaginous)
  • Made up of 3-5 fused vertebrae that decrease in size inferiorly
  • Provides an anchoring point for muscles and ligaments
47
Q

Sacroiliac Joint (SI Joint)

A
  • Provides stability to the main axis of the body and weight transfer between the trunk and limbs
  • The posterior articulation of the pelvic girdle where the two os coxa join the sacrum (auricular surface of the medial ilium to the auricular surface of the lateral sacrum)
48
Q

SI Joint: Auricular Surface

A
  • Auricular surface of the Ilium, located on its posteromedial surface
  • Articulates with the lateral aspect of the sacrum at its auricular surface – the surfaces interlock making this synovial joint not very mobile
49
Q

SI Joint: Tuberosity

A
  • Tuberosity of the Ilium (located above the Auricular Surface) has a syndesmosis between it and the tuberosity on the lateral aspect of the sacrum
50
Q

SI Joint: Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament

A

Part of the fibrous capsule associated with the synovial joint of the SI Joint

51
Q

SI Joint: Interosseous Sacroiliac Ligament

A
  • Ligaments that run between the tuberosities and help with weight transfer between the sacrum and the ilium
52
Q

SI Joint: Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament

A
  • Most external layer of the fibrous ligaments going between the tuberosities of the SI Joint
  • Can be divided into 2 parts: Long, Short
53
Q

Long Posterior SI Ligaments

A
  • Origin: PSIS and Median Sacral Crest
  • Insertion: Sacrotuberous Ligament
54
Q

Short Posterior SI Ligaments

A
  • Origin: Median Sacral Crest
  • Insertion: PSIS and Iliac Tuberosity
55
Q

Sacrotuberous Ligament

A
  • Runs from the Posterior Ilium, Lateral Sacrum and Coccyx to the Ischial Tuberosity
  • Closes the Greater Sciatic Notch (along with the Sacrospinous Ligament inferiorly) to create the Greater Sciatic Foramen
  • Helps counterbalance rotation that may occur with the sacrum and increases the support within the SI Joint
56
Q

Sacrospinous Ligament

A
  • Runs from the Anterior Sacrum and Coccyx to the Ischial Spine
  • Helps separate the Greater Sciatic Foramen from the Lesser Sciatic Foramen
  • Provides support to the SI Joint
57
Q

Obturator Membrane

A
  • Covers the Obturator Foramen created by the Pubis and Ischium
  • Provides strength for the Pelvic Girdle while reducing the weight of the hip bones
  • There is a small gap at the superior aspect that creates the Obturator Canal allowing the passage of the neurovasculature out of the pelvic cavity
58
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A
  • Infolding of the External Oblique Aponeurosis
  • Provides part of structure of the inguinal canal (spermatic cord passes thru here in males, round L of uterus passes thru here in females)
  • Runs from ASIS (Ilium) to the Pubic Tubercle (Pubis)
59
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A
  • Anterior articulation of the pelvic girdle where the two os coxa bones come together
  • Cartilaginous joint with fibrocartilage (interpubic disc) separating the two bones symphyseal surface
  • Supported by Superior and Inferior Pubic Ligaments
60
Q

Pubic Symphysis: Superior Pubic Ligament

A

Runs from Pubic Tubercle to Pubic Tubercle

61
Q

Pubic Symphysis: Inferior Pubic Ligament (Arcuate Pubic Ligament)

A

Runs from one side of the pubic arch to the other

62
Q

Supravesical Fossa

A
  • Depression located between the Median and Medial Umbilical Folds on the internal surface of the Anterior Abdominal Wall
  • Created as the peritoneum reflects on the surface of the urinary bladder (apex)
  • Gutter between the urinary bladder and abdominal wall that changes size based on the fullness of the urinary bladder
63
Q

Paravesical Fossa

A
  • Set of paired depressions on the lateral aspects of the urinary bladder as the peritoneum drapes down on the urinary bladder’s sides and to the lateral walls of the pelvis
  • Peritoneal covering over urinary bladder
64
Q

Rectovesical Pouch

A
  • in males (or females w/o a uterus), the peritoneum covers the posterior aspect of the urinary bladder (and associated structures creating the ureteric folds) and then reflects onto the anterior surface of the rectum
  • Small Intestine can be found in this space
  • Within this space is loose (areolar and adipose) connective tissue that allows the pelvic viscera to expand
65
Q

Vesicouterine Pouch

A
  • Fold of the peritoneum located between the posterior urinary bladder and the isthmus of the uterus (separates the body of the uterus from the cervix)
  • Uterus lies on top of the bladder making this a pocket-like structure
  • Within this space is loose (areolar and adipose) connective tissue to allow the pelvic viscera to expand
66
Q

Broad Ligament

A
  • Double layer of peritoneum (mesentery)
  • Extends from lateral pelvic walls to the uterus, enclosing the uterus, uterine tubes, Round L of the Uterus, and Ligament of the Ovary
  • 3 Parts: Mesometrium, Mesosalpinx, Mesovarium
67
Q

Broad Ligament: Mesometrium

A
  • Part of the Broad L that supports the uterus
  • Also surrounds the Ligament of the Ovary and Round L of the Uterus
68
Q

Broad Ligament: Mesosalpinx

A

Part of the Broad L that supports the Uterine Tubes

69
Q

Broad Ligament: Mesovarium

A

Part of the Broad L that supports the Ovaries

70
Q

Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary

A

Prolonged lateral extension from the ovary, enclosing the ovarian vessels

71
Q

Rectouterine Pouch (Pouch of Douglas)

A
  • Depression created as the peritoneum goes from the posterior aspect of the uterus and the vagina to the anterior rectum
  • Continues laterally as the Pararectal Fossa
  • Within this space is loose (areolar and adipose) connective tissue to allow the pelvic viscera to expand

GIGU Exam 2 (9 decks)

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