Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gynae > Pelvic Pain > Flashcards

Pelvic Pain Flashcards

1
Q

How common is pelvic pain?

A

Pelvic pain affects 1 in 5 people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dysmenorrhoea can be divided into…

A

Primary or secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is primary dysmenorrhoea?

A

There ever since periods first started

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does the pain occur with primary dysmenorrhoea?

A

Limited to day 1-2 of the period as a result of prostaglandin release from myometrial ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is secondary dysmenorrhoea?

A

Something additional has occurred to cause the periods to become progressively more painful and other associated sx to develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When does the pain occur with secondary dysmenorrhoea?

A

Pain often starts 1-2 days before the period, throughout the entire bleed and sometimes afterwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Common causes of secondary dysmenorrhoea

A

Endometriosis
PID
Fibroids
Polyps
Adenomyosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Common conditions that develop due to secondary dysmenorrhoea

A

Irritable bowel syndrome
Painful bladder syndrome
Pelvic floor spasm
Central sensitisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can you have both primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Associated features to ask about in dysmenorrhoea

A

Dyschezia
Dysuria
Pain with full bladder
Dyspareunia (if patient is sexually active)
Bloating
Constipation or diarrhoea
Headaches/migraines
Depression/anxiety
Sleep disturbance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Endometriosis affects up to 1 in ___ women

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most common symptom of endometriosis is

A

Pelvic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Symptoms of endometriosis

A

Pelvic pain
Bowel problems
Painful bladder problems
Painful intercourse Infertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Difficulty accessing appropriate management for endometriosis can cause __________

A

Prolonged suffering and risk allowing significant complications to develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is adenomyosis

A

When the endometrium invades into the myometrial level of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Can adenomyosis occur with endometriosis?

A

Can occur with or without endometriosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does adenomyosis cause pelvic pain and heavy periods?

A

Adenomyosis causes pain as the blood irritates the muscle and heavy periods as the muscle layer is less effective at contracting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Treatment of adenomyosis aims to…

A

Reduce or elimate the menstrual cycle with hormonal suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If hormonal suppression of menstrual cycle fails in management of adenomyosis then ________ is required

A

Hysterectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pelvic Pain Sequelae

A

Irritable bowel syndrome
Painful bladder syndrome
Pelvic floor spasm
Central sensitisation

21
Q

_____ of women with Chronic Pelvic Pain will develop a sensitive bowel

A

80%

22
Q

The recommended treatment of IBS associated with pelvic pain is…

A

A limited low FODMAP diet

23
Q

____ of women with chronic pelvic pain will develop a sensitive bladder

A

20%

24
Q

Women with painful bladder syndrome can experience…

A

Symptoms of a bladder infection
Pain with a full bladder
Urinary frequency and nocturia

25
Q

What foods can be avoided to stop irritating the bladder in painful bladder syndrome

A

High in acid e.g. citrus, cranberries, strawberries, herbal/green teas, tomatoes
Caffeine, chocolate, coke
High in sodium or potassium e.g. bananas
Artificial sweeteners
Fizzy drinks

26
Q

Pelvic floor spasm symptoms

A

Pain worse after activity
Pain there all days of the month
Pain passing bowel motions or with intercourse

27
Q

Management of pelvic floor spasm

A

Management involves daily stretches ideally supported by a physio

28
Q

What is central sensitisation

A

Increased responsiveness of nociceptors in the CNS to either normal or sub-threshold afferent input resulting in:
- Hypersensitivity to stimuli
- Responsiveness to non-noxious stimuli
- Increased pain response evoked by stimuli outside the area of injury, an expanded receptive field

29
Q

Common associated issues to central sensitisation include…

A

Migraine
TMJ dysfunction
Fibromyalgia

30
Q

What is Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

A

The physical, behavioural and psychological symptoms that occur during the luteal phase but dissipate at menses

31
Q

Diagnosis of PMS

A

No test but a symptom diary taken over a number of months can help diagnosis
Very easy with use of period tracking apps

32
Q

Management of PMS

A

Remove the cycle i.e. with the use of COCP
Symptom management
Use of SSRI

33
Q

Treatment of mild PMS

A

General positive enhancement of lifestyle, nutrition, social environment
Stress reduction
Calcium carbonate

34
Q

Treatment of severe PMS - 1st line treatment

A

Intermittent luteal dosing of SSRI or venlafaxine
Ovulation suppression (oral contraception)

35
Q

Treatment of severe PMS - 2nd line treatment

A

CBT
GnRH analogues + add back hormones
Anxiolytics
Spirinolactone
Bromocriptine

36
Q

Dyspareunia affects ____% couples

A

10-20%

37
Q

Dyspareunia can be divided into

A

Can be divided into primary and secondary, but also into superficial and deep

38
Q

Primary dyspareunia is…

A

Pain associated with intercourse since the onset of sexual activity

39
Q

Secondary dyspareunia is…

A

Acquired over a patient’s sexual lifetime

40
Q

Superficial dyspareunia is… and is due to….

A

Painful intercourse that is localized to the introital area
Due to disorders of the vulva and vestibule

41
Q

Deep dyspareunia is often related to disorders in the ______

A

Pelvis

42
Q

Causes of primary dyspareunia

A

Congenital anomalies
Psychosexual condition

43
Q

Causes of superficial dyspareunia

A

Atrophy
Vaginitis
Vaginismus
Inadequate lubrication
Vulvodynia
Pelvic floor dysfunction
Childbirth
Previous surgery
Bartholin’s abscess

44
Q

Deep dyspareunia causes

A

Endometriosis
Structural abnormalities (such as fibroids, adenomyosis)
PID

45
Q

Pale vaginal mucosa with a lack of rugation suggest…

A

Vaginal atrophy due to oestrogen deficiency

46
Q

Involuntary contraction of pelvic floor muscles on attempted bimanual examination could suggest…

A

Vaginismus

47
Q

Cervical motion tenderness on exam may suggest…

A

An infective cause such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or cervicitis

48
Q

Initial management of/advice for patients with dyspareunia (normal exam)

A

Make sure you feel relaxed and safe before attempting intercourse
Use of lubricants (water based)
Foreplay
Try different positions

Gynae (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions