Pelvic Girdle And Hip Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Bones in pelvic girdle

A

Innominates and sacrum

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2
Q

Innominate bones

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis

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3
Q

Type of joint articulating sacrum and ilium POSTERIORLY

A

Fibrous

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4
Q

Type of bone between the medial surfaces of the body of each pubic bone (pubic symphysis)

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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5
Q

Functions of pelvic girdle

A
  1. It supports and protects the pelvic viscera.
  2. It supports body weight transmitted through the vertebrae, thence through the sacrum, across the
    sacroiliac joints to the innominate and then to the femora in the standing position, or to the ischial tuberosities when sitting.
  3. During walking, the pelvis swings from side to side by a rotatory movement at the hip joint which occurs together with small movements at the lumbar intervertebral joints; when the hip joints are fused pelvic rotation is taken up by the thoracic spine enabling a patient to walk reasonably well.
  4. As with all but a few small bones in the hand and foot, the pelvis provides attachments for muscle.
  5. In females it provides bony support for the birth canal.
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6
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

Auricular surface of the ilium and the ala of the sacrum

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7
Q

Classification of SI joint

A

Synovial plane joint

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8
Q

Type of cartilage covering the sacrum

A

Hyaline cartilage

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9
Q

Type of cartilage covering the ilium

A

Fibrocartilage

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10
Q

Anterior sacroiliac ligament

A

Ala and pelvic surface of sacrum to auricular surface of the ilium

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11
Q

Types of posterior sacroiliac ligaments

A

interosseus and long and short posterior sacroiliac ligaments

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12
Q

Interosseus sacroiliac ligaments

A

Short but strong and runs from sacrum to ilium on the posterior side

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13
Q

Long posterior sacroiliac ligament

A

Fibres run obliquely and medially
PSIS to the 3rd and 4th transverse tubercles of sacrum
Resist downwards movement of the sacrum with respect to the ilium

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14
Q

Short posterior sacroiliac ligaments

A

1st and 2nd tubercles of the sacrum to the iliac tuberosity
Resist forward movement of the sacral promontory

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15
Q

Sacrotuberous ligaments

A

Superiorly to the posterior border of the ilium between superior and inferior iliac spines to the back and side of the sacrum below the auricular surface and to the side of the upper part of the coccyx to the ischial tuberosity
Fibres pass inferolaterally towards the ischial tuberosity

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16
Q

Sacrospinous ligaments

A

Edge of the lower sacral and upper coccygeal segments anterior to the sacrotuberous ligament to the ischial spine

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17
Q

Blood supply to the SI joint

A

Branches of Iliolumbar artery anteriorly
Branches of superior gluteal artery posteriorly
Drained by iliolumbar vein anteriorly and drained by superior gluteal vein posteriorly to the internal iliac vein

18
Q

Lymphatics of the SI joint

A

Internal iliac group of nodes

19
Q

Nerve supply to the SI joint

A

Sacral plexus and dorsal rami of S1 and S2
Superior gluteal and obturator nerves as they pass close to the joint
Roots L4 to S2

20
Q

Movements of SI joint

A

Slight gliding and rotatory movement between the two bones
When standing the sacrum moves down 2mm and rotates in a forward direction 5 degrees

21
Q

Movements of SI joint in pregnancy

A

Movement of the sacrum due to the softening of SI ligament = diameters of the pelvic inlet and outlet increasing to facilitate passage to of the fetal head
The sacral promontory moves superiorly and posteriorly increasing the anterosuperior diameter of the pelvic inlet by between 3 and 13 mm.
After the fetal head has entered the pelvic canal the sacral promontory then moves inferoanteriorly increasing the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic outlet by 15-18mm

22
Q

Hip joint

A

Articulation of the head of the femur and acetabulum of the innominate

23
Q

Classification of hip joint

A

Synovial ball and socket

24
Q

Articular surfaces

A

Acetabulum is formed by = 1/5 pubis, 2/5 ischium, 2/5 ilium
Femur = covered in hyaline cartilage

25
Acetabular labrum
Continues across the acetabular notch as the transverse ligament giving attachment to the ligament of the head of the femur Fibrocartilaginous structure
26
Iliofemoral ligament
Lower part of the ASIS and adjacent acetabular rim and base to the intertrochanteric line
27
Pubofemoral ligament
Iliopubic eminence and superior pubic ramus to the lower part of the intertrochanteric line
28
Ischiofemoral ligament
Body of the ischium to the superior part of the neck and root of the greater trochanter
29
Ligamentum teres
Two bands that originate on the ischial and pubic sides of the acetabular notch and blend with the acetabular transverse ligament between the two attachment sites. The two bands insert on the fovea capitals of the femoral head.
30
Blood supply to the hip joint
Medial and lateral circumflex femoral, obturator and superior and inferior gluteal arteries forming a periarticular anastamosis around the joint.
31
Lymphatics to the hip joint
Arise from the synovial membrane and drain to the deep inguinal and iliac lymph nodes and then to the common iliac nodes.
32
Nerve supply to the hip joint
Lumbar plexus branches - femoral and obturator nerves Sacral plexus - superior gluteal nerve and nerve to quadratus femoris (L2-S1)
33
Hip flexor muscles
Flex the hip and raise the knee Iliopsoas - L2-L4 nerve roots Rectus femoris - femoral nerve Sartorius - femoral nerve Pectineus - femoral nerve
34
Hip extensor muscle
Extend the hip Biceps femoris - sciatic nerve Semitendinosus - sciatic nerve Semimembranosus - sciatic nerve Gluteus maximus - inf. gluteal nerve
35
Hip abductor muscles (away from midline)
Abducts the hip Gluteus minimum - superior gluteal nerve Gluteus medius - superior gluteal nerve Gluteus maximus - inferior gluteal nerve Tensor fascia lata - superior gluteal nerve
36
Hip adductor muscles (towards the midline)
Adducts the hip Adductor longus - obturator nerve Adductor brevis - obturator nerve Adductor Magnus - obturator nerve Gracilis - obturator nerve Pectineus - femoral nerve
37
Medial rotators of the hip
Medially rotate the hip Anterior part of gluteus medius - superior gluteal nerve Anterior part of gluteus minimus - superior gluteal nerve Tensor fascia lata - superior gluteal nerve Iliopsoas - L2-L4 nerve roots
38
Lateral rotators of the hip
Laterally rotate the hip Gluteus maximus - inferior gluteal nerve Piriformis - anterior rami of sacral plexus Gemellus superior - nerve to obturator internus Gemellus inferior - nerve to quadratus femoris Obturator externus - posterior branch of obturator nerve Obturator internus - nerve to obturator nerve
39
Type of joint articulating sacrum and ilium ANTERIORLY
Synovial plane
40
SI Joint capsule
Complete fibrous capsule that surrounds the joint attaching to the articular margin
41
Capsule of hip joint