Pelvic Floor Muscles Flashcards
What functions does the pelvis have? (4)
(1) load transfer
(2) force production
(3) posture
(4) protection of viscera
T/F Urinary incontinence is associated with an increase in falls.
True
___ muscles make up the base of the pelvis.
26 muscles
The urogenital triangle is made up of what two layers of muscles?
superficial and deep
The ischiocavernosus muscle attaches to the ______ ______ and ______ of either penis or clitoris.
ischial tuberosity and crus of either penis or clitoris
The bulbocavernosus muscle attaches to the ____ _____ and ______ ______.
pineal body and pubic symphysis
The bulbospongiosus (males) muscle attaches to the _____ _____ and _____ of penis.
pineal body and dorsum of penis
The superficial transverse perineal muscle attaches to the _____ _____ and ______ _______.
perineal body and ischial tuberosity
What muscles make up the deep layer of the urogenital triangle? (2)
(1) deep transverse perineal
(2) sphincter urethrae
What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm? (2)
levator ani and coccygeus
Which muscles make up the levator ani group/muscle? (3)
(1) puboccoccygeus
(2) iliococcygeus
(3) puborectalis
What muscle from levator ani closes off and opens up the rectum when pooping?
pubococcygeus
Where does the levatores ani originate and insert?
origin: dorsal surface of pubic bone, fascia of obturator, and ischial spine
insertion: anococcygeal body and perineal body
What is the main action of the levator ani?
support pelvic viscera
Where does the coccygeus or ischiococcygeus originate and insert?
origin: ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament
insertion: caudal part of sacrum and coccyx
What are the actions of the coccygeus or ischiococcygeus? (3)
(1) flex coccyx
(2) stabilize SI joint
(3) support pelvic viscera
Where does the obturator internus originate and insert? What is its action? (2)
origin: obturator membrane, pelvic brim, and obturator foramen
insertion: greater trochanter
Actions: externally rotate and extend hip, abduct a flexed hip while keeping femoral head in acetabulum
What are the 4 normal functions of the pelvic floor? (hint: voluntary and involuntary actions)
(1) voluntary relaxation: able to relax on demand (descents from ventral position)
(2) voluntary contraction: moves ventrally and cranially during contraction
(3) involuntary contraction: contraction preceding increase in abdominal pressure
(4) voluntary relaxation: relaxation during defecation
What pelvic floor dysfunctions might occur? (3)
(1) non-contracting/underactive (voluntary and/or involuntary)
(2) non-relaxing/overactive (voluntary and/or involuntary)
(3) non-contracting, non-relaxing
What are the functions of the pelvic floor muscles? (5)
(1) sphincter (bowel and bladder)
(2) support pelvic organs
(3) sexual appreciation
(4) spine and bony pelvis stabilization
(5) sump pump
What are common interventions during pelvic floor PT? (4)
(1) breathing
(2) strengthening, relaxation, or both of pelvic floor muscles
(3) stretching (i.e. yoga poses)
(4) manual therapy
What are non-invasive ideas for assessment of the pelvic floor muscles? (2)
(1) external exam over clothes
(2) ultrasound imaging
