Pelvic Floor

Question 1

What is the pelvic inlet formed from

Answer 1

Sacral promomtory
Margin of ala
Arcuate line 
Pectin pubis
Pubicle crest and tubercle
Pubic symphysis

Question 2

What is the pelvic outlet formed from

Answer 2

Pubic symphysis 
Inferior rami of pubis
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sarcosponious ligament
Tip of coccyx

Question 3

What forms the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 3

Sarctotuberous and spinous ligaments

Question 4

What travels out the greater sciatic foramen

Answer 4

Sciric nerve
Superior gluteal vessels
Pudendal nerve
Piriformis tendon

Question 5

What travels out the lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 5

Pudendal nerve
Internal pudendal artery and vein
Obturator internus tendon

Question 6

What type of joint is sacroiliac

Answer 6

Synovial plane

Question 7

What type of joint is pubic symphysis

Answer 7

Secondary cartilaginous

Question 8

What is false pelvis like M and F

Answer 8

F = shallow
M = deep

Question 9

What is true pelvis like M and F

Answer 9

F = wide and shallow
M = narrow and deep

Question 10

What is inlet like M+F

Answer 10

F = oval 
M = heart shape

Question 11

What is the size of pelvic outlet M+F

Answer 11

F = large
M = small

Question 12

What is the subpubic angle in M +F

Answer 12

F = obtuse
M = acute

Question 13

What is the shape of the obturator foramen in M and F

Answer 13

F = oval
M = round

Question 14

What is the size of the acetabulum in M and F

Answer 14

F = small
M = large

Question 15

What makes up the walls of the pelvic cavity

Answer 15

Laterally = obturator interns which occludes foramen
Posterior = piriformis 
Inferior = pubic bones and symphysis

Question 16

What are the actions of the pelvic floor

Answer 16

Support abdominal organs
Resist increase in intra-abdominal pressure
Faecal and urinary incontinence
Separate pelvic cavity from perineum

Question 17

What muscles make up the pelvic floor and where do they arise

Answer 17

Arise from obturator interns
Levator ani muscles
Coccygeus

Question 18

What nerve supplies elevator ani

Answer 18

Pudendal S2-S4

Question 19

What muscles make up levator ani

Answer 19

Puborectalis - most important
Pubococygeus
Iliococcygeys

Question 20

What is the perineal body and what attaches to it

Answer 20

Between anal and vaginal canal
Support vaginal wall
External anal sphincter
Superficial transverse perineal membrane 
Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernosus

Question 21

What is the perineum

Answer 21

Lies below pelvic diaphragm

Contains genitalia, perineal muscles and anal canal

Question 22

What is the deep fascia that stretches between right and left pubic arch

Answer 22

Perineal membrane

Question 23

What sits above perineal membrane

Answer 23

Deep transverse muscle

Question 24

What are the muscles of the perineum

Answer 24

External anal sphincter + urethral sphincter
Bulbospongosis
Ischiocavernosus
Superficial transverse perineal membrane
Deep transverse perineal membrane

Question 25

What nerve supplies the muscles of the perineal

Answer 25

Deep branch of perineal | Branch of pudendal

Question 26

What is the action of bulbospongiouss

Answer 26

Compress vestibular bulb of penis / vagina found under the muscle Compress spongy urethra

Question 27

What is the action of ischiocavernosus

Answer 27

Compress corpus cavernosum Maintain erection of penis or clitoris Crus of clitoris found underneath muscle

Question 28

What are the actions of the perineal membranes

Answer 28

Fix and stabilise perineal body

Question 29

Where is the external urethral sphincter found

Answer 29

Deep perineal pouch | Bulbourethral gland beside

Question 30

Where is the internal sphincter found

Answer 30

At the end of bladder | Continuation of detrusor

Question 31

What are the boundaries of deep perineal pouch

Answer 31

``` Superior = urogenital diaphragm Inferior = perineal membrane Laterally = obturator internus ```

Question 32

What are the contents of the ischio-anal fossa

Answer 32

Pudendal nerve | Inferior pudendal artery and vein

Question 33

What does pudendal nerve supply

Answer 33

External genitalia Pelvic muscles SPhicnters S2-S4 dermatome

Question 34

What is the function of ischio-anal canal

Answer 34

Allow anal canal to expand during defection

Question 35

What blood vessel supplies the perineum

Answer 35

``` R+L internal iliac EXCEPT testis / ovaries (gonadal) Upper rectum (superior mesenteric) ```

Question 36

What supplies bladder / seminal gland / prostate

Answer 36

Superior and inferior vesicle

Question 37

What supplies uterus

Answer 37

Uterine | Gives of vaginal to supply vaginal

Question 38

What supplies rectum

Answer 38

Superior mesenteric | Middle and inferior rectal

Question 39

What supplies adductor region of thigh

Answer 39

Obturator

Question 40

What is the main artery of the perineum

Answer 40

Internal pudendal

Question 41

Where do gonadal arteries come off

Answer 41

AA | Distal to renal

Question 42

What is the venous drainage of the perineum

Answer 42

Internal iliac Superior rectal Gonadal Internal venous plexus

Question 43

What does the upper 1/3 of rectum drain too

Answer 43

Portal circulation

Question 44

What is important to know when performing a pudendal nerve block

Answer 44

Ischial spine | Always aspirate as beside artery

Question 45

What other nerves are there

Answer 45

Ilioguinal(L1) - skin of labia / penis Enters inguinal at superficial ring Genitofemoral (L1-L2) - scrotum / anterior thigh Enters deep ring

Question 46

What plexus supplies female genital tract

Answer 46

Pelvic and ovarian

Question 47

What plexus supplies vas defers / seminal / prostate

Answer 47

Hypogastric L1-L2 sympa

Question 48

What is parasympathetic supply

Answer 48

S2,S3,S4 pelvic splanchnic | Erection