pelvic cavity (cont.) Flashcards
cervix
- lower end part of uterus
cervix is suppoted by (2)
1) levator ani (tone of muscle)
2) pelvic fascia (condensation forming 3 ligaments)
roles of uterus in labor
where fertilized egg nourish and grow
labor/parturition
- contraction of uterus
t/n: starting from minimal contraction > forceful contraction/pressure in cervix > stretches cervix
nervous reflex mechanism
is initiated to cause forceful contractions in the cervix
10cm cervix opening is when you can say
it is fully dilated
t/n: manganganak na talaga
(5) ligaments of uterus
1) transverse cervical/cardinal
- from lateral wall of pelvis
- pass to cervix to upper end of vagina
2) pubocervical ligament (attach pubic bone to cervix)
- from posterior surface of pubis (PP)
- pass to cervix to neck of bladder (2 firm bands of connective tissue)
3) pubovesical ligament (attached to pubis and bladder)
- from pubocervical ligament (where some fibers come from)
4) sacrocervical ligament
- from lower end of sacrum
- pass to cervix and upper end of vagina (2 firm fibromuscular bands)
- forms 2 ridges on each side of rectouterine pouch
5) cardinal ligament
- from lateral wall of pelvis
- transverse cervical ligament that pass the cervix and upper end of vagina
(5) ligaments of uterus detailed
1) transverse cervical/cardinal (pass to cervix > upper end of vagina)
2) pubocervical ligament (attach pubic bone to cervix/2 firm connective tissue bands)
3) pubovesical ligament (attached to pubis and bladder)
4) sacrocervical ligament
(pass to cervix and upper end of vagina/2 firm fibromuscular bands)
5) cardinal ligament
(transverse cervical ligament that pass the cervix and upper end of vagina)
(5) ligaments of uterus detailed
FROM where and PASS TO where
1) transverse cervical/cardinal
- from lateral wall of pelvis
- pass to cervix to upper end of vagina
2) pubocervical ligament (attach pubic bone to cervix)
- from posterior surface of pubis (PP)
- pass to cervix to neck of bladder (2 firm bands of connective tissue)
3) pubovesical ligament (attached to pubis and bladder)
- from pubocervical ligament (where some fibers come from)
4) sacrocervical ligament
- from lower end of sacrum
- pass to cervix and upper end of vagina (2 firm fibromuscular bands)
- forms 2 ridges on each side of rectouterine pouch
5) cardinal ligament
- from lateral wall of pelvis
- transverse cervical ligament that pass the cervix and upper end of vagina
True/False:
Vagina is formed of muscular tube that extends UPWARD and BACKWARD from vulva to uterus.
true
vagina is continuation of ____
cervix
vagina size (in inches)
3 inches
vagina boundaries
anterior: pierced by cervix
upper 1/3: above pelvic floor (part of pelvic cavity)
lower /1/3: part of perineum
(3) fornices of vagina
divisions of vagina at the surrounding area of cervix
1) anterior
2) posterior
3) lateral (right and left)
hymen (characteristics and function)
- thin mucosal fold at vaginal orifice
- perforated at the center
- blood flow of menstruation passes the vaginal orifice through this
vagina relationships (APL)
anterior:
- bladder (above)
- urethra
posterior:
- rectouterine pouch (upper third)
- ampulla of rectum (middle third)
- perineal body (lower third)
lateral
- ureter (upper part)
- perineal body anterior fibers (middle)
- urogenital diaphragm & bulb of vestibule (lower part)
bulb of vestibule
vaginal part of birth canal
vagina function
- serves as an excretory duct for menstraul flow
- forms part of birth canal
arteries & veins of vagina
clue: vagina
vaginal artery & plexus of vaginal vein
inferior hypogastric plexus
vagina nerve supply
(3) stages of labor
1) cervix relax, cervix dilate/thin out
2) uterine contracts, strength increase, infant is delivered
3) placenta is expelled
t/n: once placenta is delivered, it is now the end of period of labor
upper, middle, and lower supports of vagina
upper part
- levator ani
- transverse cervical lig.
- pubocervical lig.
- sacrocervical lig.
middle part
- urogenital diaphragm
lower part
- perineal body
visceral pelvic fascia
layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that covers and supports the pelvic viscera
form the pubocervical, transverse cervical and sacrocervical ligaments of uterus
peritoneum
- from anterior abdominal wall
- passes down to upper surface of bladder > level of internal os
- passes the anterior part of body and fundus of uterus > posterior surface
- passes anterior to rectum
- continues to cover the upper part of posterior surface of vagina
