pelvic cavity Flashcards
pelvic cavity
- area between pelvic inlet and outlet
- cavity of the true pelvis
pelvic diaphragm
divides pelvic cavity into main pelvic cavity and perineum
(3) contents of pelvic cavity
1) lower ends of GI tract
2) distal part of urinary tract
3) internal organs of rep sys. (for reproduction)
- blood supply
- lymphatics
- nerve supply
sigmoid colon length & shape
- 10 to 15 inches long
- s-shaped
(2) sigmoid colon surface anatomy (continuation/level)
1) continuation of descending colon / level of pelvic brim
2) continues with rectum / in front of S3
True/False:
Sigmoid colon have mesenteries called the “sigmoid mesocolon” that attaches it to the posterior wall.
true
blood/venous/nerve supply + branches
blood: inferior mesenteric art. (sigmoid branch)
vein: inferior mesenteric v. (joins portal vein)
nerve: inferior hypogastric plexus (symp/parasymp)
boundaries of sigmoid colon (AP: male & female)
clue/mnemonic: PREC/SAC/IL
Anterior
M: urinary bladder
F: uterus (posterior), vagina (upper part)
Posterior
M: rectum
F: sacrum
MF: ileum (terminal part, lower coils)
(3) clinical condis of sigmoid colon
1) volvulus
2) cancer (colon)
3) diverticula
another name for volvulus
mesentery twist
volvulus
- extreme mobility > rotates sigmoid colon counterclockwise (around its mesentery)
- affects blood supply (decreases)
- cause ischemia (to tissues of intestine) > abdominal pain
- enlargement of abdomen > fluid/waste products not allowed to pass
(2) treatment of volvulus
1) derotate (through surgery)
2) resection (of infected and non-functioning areas/if ischemic)
common site of cancer of large bowel (colon cancer)
sigmoid colon
symptom of colon cancer
bloody stool
diverticula
- out-pouchings of the wall/mucous membrane of colon
- complication: diverticulosis/diverticulitis (irritation of portion where feces enter/ > enlarges feces > severe pain/inflammation)
most common cause of left lower quadrant pain
diverticula
most common cause of right lower quadrant pain
appendicitis
(1) treatment of diverticula
1) purely ANTIBIOTICS
(3) sigmoid colon procedures
1) sigmoidoscopy (rectum > sigmoid)
2) colonoscopy (e.g. pt comes w/ rectal bleeding/severe abd. pain suspecting there’s a mass)
3) colostomy (feces leaving through STOMA)
sigmoidoscopy
- sigmoid examination under DIRECT vision (for pathologic lesions) through flexible tube
colonoscopy
- DIRECT inspection of ENTIRE colon (including cecum)
colostomy
- surgical procedure (exposed colon/opening of abdomen: STOMA)
- connects part of colon to anterior abdominal wall
- colostomy > feces leave pt’s body (through STOMA)
- maybe permanent or temporary (depending on reasons for use)
length of rectum
5 inches
(5) rectum surface anatomy (continuation/level)
1) continues with sigmoid (level of S3)
2) continues to tip of coccyx
3) continues with anal canal (penetrates pelvic floor > perineum > end of anus)