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U8 Anatomy > Pelvic bowl, Inguinal Canal, Spermatic cord and hernias > Flashcards

Pelvic bowl, Inguinal Canal, Spermatic cord and hernias Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 bones of the pelvis that fuse together early in development and what do they form?

A

Ilium/ischium/pubis

They form the acetabulum

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2
Q

What is the significance of the acetabulum?

A

site of articulation of the hip bone with the head of the femur

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3
Q

what two ligaments reinforce the ilium and the sacrum at the sacroiliac joints?

A

sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligaments

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4
Q

What defines the pelvic inlet?

A

line btwn the inferior aspect of the pubic symphysis, anteriorly, and the tip of the coccyx, posteriorly

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5
Q

Region above the pelvic inlet is considered what and what is it composed of?

A

False pelvis

  • ala of the illium, laterally,
  • the superior pubic rami, anteriorly,
  • and the L5 and S1 vertebrae, posteriorly
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6
Q

Region below the pelvic inlet is considered what and what is it composed of?

A

True pelvis

  • Contains reproductive organs, bladder and the rectoanal canal
  • Inferior boundary is the pelvic diaphragm
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7
Q

What are the difference in the pelvis female v male?

A

Male- pelvic inlet is small and subpubic angle is narrower

Female- pelvic inlet is wide and round and outlet is larger than male

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8
Q

What are the two lateral hip rotator muscles?

A

Piriformis and obturator internus

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9
Q

What two muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani and coccygeous muscles

–these make the lower board/floor of the true pelvis

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10
Q

What are the 3 muscles that form the Levator ahi?

A

iliococcygeus
pubococcygeus
puborectalis

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11
Q

What are two hiatuses in the muscular sheet of the pelvic diaphragm? and what passes through each?

A

Urogenital- urethra and vagina(in females)

Rectal- anal canal

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12
Q

What muscle plays a role fecal continence?

A

Puborectalis muscle

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13
Q

What muscle plays role in urinary continence?

A

Pubococcygeus muscle

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14
Q

what are the borders of the perineum?

A

anteriorly- pubic symphysis
posteriorly- coccyx
laterally- bounded by the thighs

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15
Q

What is the entrance and exit into the inguinal canal and what is contained within it?

A

Deep inguinal ring is the entrance
Superficial inguinal ring is the exit

Contains spermatic cord/round ligament of uterus and associated blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics

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16
Q

Floor of the inguinal canal?

A

inguinal ligament–spermatic cord/round ligament of the uterus rests here

17
Q

Roof of the inguinal canal?

A

formed by muscle fibers of the external abdominal oblique

18
Q

Anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

formed by the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique–strongest laterally

19
Q

Posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Formed by the conjoint tendon, medially, and transversals fascia, laterally–strongest medially

20
Q

What are the boundaries of the Inguinal Triangle of Hesselbach? and what is this the site of?

A

Medially – lateral margin of rectus sheath
Laterally – inferior epigastric vessels
Inferiorly – inguinal ligament

Site of direct inguinal hernias

NAVEL

21
Q

What is the gubernaculum and what does it help do?

A

Caudal genital ligament- aids in the descend of the gonads through the inguinal canal

22
Q

What is the processes vaginalis?

A

developmental out pouching- , pushes through the muscle and fascia layers of the abdominal wall and precedes testis in their descent into the scrotal sac

23
Q

What are the 3 coverings of the spermatic cord and were are they derived from?

A
  • Internal spermatic fascia
  • Cremaster muscle and middle spermatic fascia
  • External spermatic fascia

All derived from the anterolateral abdominal wall during prenatal development

24
Q

What is the Cremasteric reflex?

A

Cremaster muscle innervated by the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve- draws the testes up into the scrotum, especially when cold–if warm then cremaster muscle relaxes and the testes descend deep into the scrotum

25
Q

What are the 3 structures of the spermatic cord?

A

Vas deferens
Testicular vein
Testicular lymphatics

26
Q

What are the 3 arteries of the spermatic cord?

A

Testicular artery
Artery of the Vas deferens
Cremasteric artery

27
Q

What are the 3 nerves of the spermatic cord and what is unique about one of them?

A

Testicular nerves- sympathetic
Genital branch of genitofermoral nerve-motor to cremaster muscle
Ilioinguinal nerver***-DOES NOT pass through the deep inguinal ring

28
Q

What is a hydrocele?

A

accumulation of fluid within a patent processus vaginalis

29
Q

What is a cryptorchidism?

A

incomplete testicular decent

30
Q

What is an ectopic testis?

A

abnormal testicular descent

31
Q

What occurs during a testicular torsion?

A

Twisting of the spermatic cord causing absence of cremesteric reflex and ischemia of the testicle

Risk factors are congenital malformation and temperature drop

32
Q

What is meant by arcade of arches?

A

passageway through the abdominal wall musculature lie under the three flat abdominal muscles–enables the inguinal canal to act as a valve such that an increase in abdominal pressure associated with abdominal contraction brings the walls of the canal together–preventing hernia

33
Q

What is an indirect hernia?

A

Herniated material passes through the deep ring–LATERAL to the inferior epigastric artery
Spermatic cord is involved in indirect inguinal hernias - contents of abdominal cavity herniate into the spermatic cord
More common in males due to larger inguinal canals

Congenital-More common
Patent or incompletely fused processus vaginalis

34
Q

What is an direct hernia?

A

herniated material passes through Hesselbachs triangle, MEDIAL to the inferior epigastric artery

Majority are acquired
-Associated with weakness of the posterior wall of inguinal canal

35
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

Occur in femoral canal, in the region of the femoral triangle, inferior to inguinal ligament (good way to differentiate between inguinal and femoral hernias)

Usually acquired

Most common in women

U8 Anatomy (4 decks)

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