Pelvic bowl, Inguinal Canal, Spermatic cord and hernias Flashcards
What are the 3 bones of the pelvis that fuse together early in development and what do they form?
Ilium/ischium/pubis
They form the acetabulum
What is the significance of the acetabulum?
site of articulation of the hip bone with the head of the femur
what two ligaments reinforce the ilium and the sacrum at the sacroiliac joints?
sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligaments
What defines the pelvic inlet?
line btwn the inferior aspect of the pubic symphysis, anteriorly, and the tip of the coccyx, posteriorly
Region above the pelvic inlet is considered what and what is it composed of?
False pelvis
- ala of the illium, laterally,
- the superior pubic rami, anteriorly,
- and the L5 and S1 vertebrae, posteriorly
Region below the pelvic inlet is considered what and what is it composed of?
True pelvis
- Contains reproductive organs, bladder and the rectoanal canal
- Inferior boundary is the pelvic diaphragm
What are the difference in the pelvis female v male?
Male- pelvic inlet is small and subpubic angle is narrower
Female- pelvic inlet is wide and round and outlet is larger than male
What are the two lateral hip rotator muscles?
Piriformis and obturator internus
What two muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?
Levator ani and coccygeous muscles
–these make the lower board/floor of the true pelvis
What are the 3 muscles that form the Levator ahi?
iliococcygeus
pubococcygeus
puborectalis
What are two hiatuses in the muscular sheet of the pelvic diaphragm? and what passes through each?
Urogenital- urethra and vagina(in females)
Rectal- anal canal
What muscle plays a role fecal continence?
Puborectalis muscle
What muscle plays role in urinary continence?
Pubococcygeus muscle
what are the borders of the perineum?
anteriorly- pubic symphysis
posteriorly- coccyx
laterally- bounded by the thighs
What is the entrance and exit into the inguinal canal and what is contained within it?
Deep inguinal ring is the entrance
Superficial inguinal ring is the exit
Contains spermatic cord/round ligament of uterus and associated blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
Floor of the inguinal canal?
inguinal ligament–spermatic cord/round ligament of the uterus rests here
Roof of the inguinal canal?
formed by muscle fibers of the external abdominal oblique
Anterior wall of the inguinal canal?
formed by the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique–strongest laterally
Posterior wall of the inguinal canal?
Formed by the conjoint tendon, medially, and transversals fascia, laterally–strongest medially
What are the boundaries of the Inguinal Triangle of Hesselbach? and what is this the site of?
Medially – lateral margin of rectus sheath
Laterally – inferior epigastric vessels
Inferiorly – inguinal ligament
Site of direct inguinal hernias
NAVEL
What is the gubernaculum and what does it help do?
Caudal genital ligament- aids in the descend of the gonads through the inguinal canal
What is the processes vaginalis?
developmental out pouching- , pushes through the muscle and fascia layers of the abdominal wall and precedes testis in their descent into the scrotal sac
What are the 3 coverings of the spermatic cord and were are they derived from?
- Internal spermatic fascia
- Cremaster muscle and middle spermatic fascia
- External spermatic fascia
All derived from the anterolateral abdominal wall during prenatal development
What is the Cremasteric reflex?
Cremaster muscle innervated by the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve- draws the testes up into the scrotum, especially when cold–if warm then cremaster muscle relaxes and the testes descend deep into the scrotum
